Hey there, I'm Mario. I built pie in a

world of slop and this is a strategy, a

tragedy in three acts. Just to talk

about this real quick, bunch of people

on the internet gave me money for ad

space on my torso and all of that goes

to a charity. So yeah, thanks guys.

So act one building pi in the beginning

there was cloud code and was good right

we all got basically catnipped by that

thing and stopped sleeping um bunch of

stuff before that but code cloud code

was the one thing that kind of clicked

with me the most and to preface all of

this I love the cloud cloud team they're

are brilliant people talented super high

velocity so uh they also created the

entire game major props to them so this

is not a roast this is just me an old

man telling you why I stopped using

cloud code and built my own thing. Um in

2025 I started using cloud code in about

April I think thanks to Peter uh because

he told us the agents are working now

and back then it was simple and

predictable and fit my workflow but

eventually

the token madness got hold of them I

think and the team got bigger and they

started uh dog fooding that stuff and

build a lot of features a lot of

features I don't need which is fine I

can just ignore them but with velocity

and more features come more bucks and

that's mad because I used to work at

construction sites and if my hammer

breaks every day I'm getting really mad

and if my development tools break every

day I'm also getting mad. So there was

this it's just a running gag and here's

tar telling us that cloud code is now a

game engine and here's Mitchell from

Ghosty telling us no it's not and

eventually they fixed the flicker but

then other stuff broke and I think

they're now in the third iteration of a

2y renderer. Yeah but that's just a

symptom. The real problem is that my

context wasn't my context. Cloud code is

the thing that controls my context. And

behind my back, cloud code does things

uh to the context. So you have the

system prompt which changes on every

release, including the tool definitions.

They would remove tools, modify tools.

It's not good. They would insert system

reminders in the most oppoune place in

your context, telling the model, here's

some information. It may or may not be

relevant to what you're doing. That it

actually says it may or may not be

relevant what you're doing. And that

kind of confused the model and that kind

of broke my workflows.

On top of all that, there's zero

observability because that's how the

tool is constructed and I like knowing

what my agents are doing. There's zero

model choice which is obvious. It's the

native entropic uh harness. So it makes

sense for them to want you to use cloud,

right? And there's almost zero

extensibility and some of you might have

written some hooks for cloud code, but

I'm telling you the number of hooks and

the depth of those hooks is very

shallow. Um, and every time a hook

triggers, what actually happens is a new

process gets spawned. Basically, the

command you specified for the hook to be

executed. And I don't find that

specifically efficient. So, I uh took a

step back and looked around for

alternatives. And I'd like to especially

call out AMP and factory droid, the

Porsche and Lamborghini of coding agent

harnesses. So, if you can afford them,

please use them. They're at the

frontier. They're really good, and the

teams are fantastic. And there's a bunch

of other options. And I have history in

OSS. So naturally I kind of gravitated

towards open code and again brilliant

team super high execution velocity and

they don't sell you hype they sell you

tools that work for the most part. I

started looking under the hood of open

code uh with respect to context handling

as well because that's the most

important part for me and I found a

bunch of things like given some

conditions open code would just uh prune

tool output after a specific minimum

amount of tokens and that basically

lobomizes the model. Uh there's also LSP

server support which means every time

your model is calling the edit tool open

code goes to the LSP server that's

connected asks are there any errors and

if so injects that as part of the edit

tool uh result which is bad because

think about how you add editing code

you're not writing a line of code

checking the errors writing the next

line checking the errors you don't do

that you finish your work and then you

check the errors this confuses the model

there's a bunch of other things like

storing individual messages of a session

in a JSON file. Each me message is a

JSON file on disk. Uh there was this and

this happens to all of us. No, no claim

there. But it's not great if by default

a server spins up, course headers are

set in such a way that any website you

open in your browser can now access your

open code server. That's yeah, and

entirely unrelated to all of this, I

started looking into benchmarks for

coding agent harnesses and found

terminal bench um which is a pretty good

benchmark all things considered. And the

funny part about it is that it's the

most minimal kind of thing you can think

of. All it gives the model is a tool to

send keystrokes to to a T-Max session

and read the output of that T-Max

session. There's no file tools, no sub

agents, none of that stuff. And it's one

of the best performing harnesses in the

leaderboard. Here's the leaderboard from

December 2025. irrespective of model

family terminal scores higher mostly

high even higher than the native harness

of that model. So what does that tell

us? A form two thesis is we are in the

around and find out phase of coding

agents and their current form is not

their final form right. So second thesis

is we need better ways to around

and for me that means self modifying

malleable agents things that the agent

itself can modify and I can modify

depending on my workflow. So I stripped

away all the things built a minimal core

but made it super extensible and made it

so that the agent can modify itself

with some creature comforts. It's not

entirely bare bones. Uh so that's PI.

It's an agent that adapts to your

workflow instead of the other way

around. It comes with four packages. Uh

an AI package that's basically just an

abstraction across providers and context

handoff between providers. An agent core

uh which is just a while loop and the

tool calling. A bespoke toy framework. I

come out of game development. So I built

a thing that actually doesn't flicker

too much. And the coding agent itself.

Here's Pi's system prompt.

That's it. Eventually the industry

created a new standard called skills

which is basically just markdown files.

So we added that as well. and that needs

to go in a system prompt. So, be

crouchingly, we had to add a couple more

lines. And finally, here's the magic

that makes Pi able to modify itself. We

ship the documentation which was

handcrafted by me and an agent. Um, and

code examples of extensions,

and all we need to do for the agent to

modify itself is tell it, here's the

documentation. Here's some code that

shows you how to modify yourself by

writing extensions.

It comes with four tools. That's all it

has. Retrate, edit, mesh. Here's the

tool definitions. Don't read the the

text. Just look at the size.

That's it. Here's what happens when you

start a new session in one of these

tools.

So the thing is the models are actually

reinforcement trained up to a wazoo. So

they know what a coding agent is because

a coding agent harness is basically what

they're being trained when they are

post-trained. You don't need 10,000

tokens to tell them you're a coding

agent. They know because they are coding

agents. No, PI is also YOL by default

because my security needs are different

than yours. And I don't think a little

dialogue that pops up every now every

time you call bash asking you to approve

is a smart security uh uh mechanism. So

instead I give you so much rope that you

can build anything that's fit for your

specific security needs. There's also

stuff that's not built in. I'm a he

because this is how I do it. But if you

don't like that then you just ask Pi to

build you sub agent support or plan mode

or MCP support whatever you need.

Extensibility comes with a bunch of

table stakes and then with the

extensions itself and extensions imply

are just TypeScript modules. In the

simplest case a TypeScript file on disk.

You point PI at that. Here's an

extension loaded as part of the harness.

And with that you get a basically an

extension API that lets you hook into

everything and define stuff for the

harness to expose to the to the model.

And that includes tools uh slashcomand

shortcuts. You can listen in on any kind

of event and react and then save state

in the session that's optionally

provided to the agent as well or stored

there for tools that analyze sessions as

part of your organizational workflows.

You can do custom compaction, custom

providers and you have full control over

the tool. So you can modify everything

in PI and you can then bundle all of

that up and put it on mpm or on GitHub

because I think we don't need to

reinvent another bunch of silos called

marketplaces. We already have package

manage managers and all of that hot

reloads. So if you develop an extension

for pi, you do so in the session and you

hot reload the changes and see the the

effects of that immediately which is

very great and it's also game

development thing is in game development

you want high very low iteration uh

speeds and that's great. So a couple of

examples cloud or anthropic ships the

slash by the way which lets you talk to

the agent why goes on its main quest. I

posted this little prompt on Twitter

jokingly and somebody build it in five

minutes with more features and they

didn't have to fork a clone pie. They

just let the agent write the extension

based on the prompt. Here's Nico. He's

one of the most prolific uh extension

writers. I don't know what the is

going on here. It's a chat room for all

of his Pi agents and they talk with each

other. I would never use this, but all

of this is custom including the UI. or

you can play NES games or you can play

Doom.

And there's a bunch of other examples

I'm not going to talk about. So, how do

you build a PI extension? You don't. You

tell Pi to build it for you based on

your specifications. And then you just

iterate with it on that and hot reload

during the session. I'm going to skip

that example as well. And if you don't

like building things yourself, and I

hope you do like building things

yourself, but if you don't, you can look

on MPM or our little search uh interface

on top of MPM to find packages for sub

agents, MCP, and so on. So, does it

actually work? Well, here's the terminal

bench leaderboard from October before Pi

had compaction. I added that for Peter's

claw thingy. It scored sixth place.

Uh, but none of this is actually about

Pi. If you want to retake, I I basically

want you to retake control of your tools

and workflows. So build your own. Um and

if you want to know more about pi and

openclaw, go to this talk please. Yeah.

And then eventually Peter happened. He

put pi inside of open claw as its aentic

core which meant my open source project

became the target of a lot of openclaw

instances unbeknownst to their users. So

this is act 2 oss in the age of

clankers. Clankers are destroying oss.

Here's tal draw. They closed down the

issue on pull request tracker. Here's

open clause uh trackers. Here's mine.

Half of that is open source instances

who post garbage. So I started to rage

against the clankers.

Um if you send a pull request, it gets

autoclosed with a comment that asks you

to please write a nice issue in your

human voice, no longer than a screen

worth of text. And if I see that I write

looks good to me and your account name

gets put in a file in the repository and

the next time you send a pull request,

it's let through. Clankers don't read

that comment. They don't go back once

they posted a pull request. So that's a

perfect filter. Uh Mitchell eventually

turned it into vouch. Here's a clanker.

Uh I also labeled them. If you had

interactions with openclaw, your issues

get dep prioritized. I also built tools

where I embed uh issues and pull request

texts into 3D space. So I see clusters

of issues. Uh I also invented OSS

vacation. I just close the tracker

whenever I want. So I have my life back.

So does this work? Yes, sort of.

Which leads me to act three. Slow the

down. Everything's broken.

And then there's people that say, "Our

product's been 100% built by agents."

Yes, we know it sucks now.

Congratulations.

And I'm hearing this from my peers and

this is entirely unhealthy.

Um, so here's how we should not work

with agents and why, at least in my

opinion. I wrote this on my blog a while

ago, but the basic is this. We're having

armory of agents and you're using beats

on been and you don't know that it's

basically uninstallable malware and

entropic build a C compiler that kind of

works but actually doesn't and we're

hoping the next generation of models

will fix it and here is Perso building a

browser and that's also super

broken but the next generation will fix

it and SAS is dead software solved in

six months and my grandma just built

herself a Spotify with her open claw

come on people so agents are actually

combounding boooos which is my word for

errors with serial learning and No

bottlenecks and uh delayed pain. The

delayed pain is for you. Here's your

code base on a human on one agent and 10

agents. How much of the agent code can

you review? Here's the same codebase but

expressed in number of boooos per day.

How much of those boooos do you think

you'll find? Then you say, "Oh, I have a

review agent. Let me introduce you to

the wonderful world of the Oro." Doesn't

work. It catches some issues. Um the

problem is that agents and merchants

have learned complexity. Where did they

learn that complexity from? From the

internet. What's on the internet? All

our old garbage code. There are some

pearls on the internet, really

well-designed systems, but 90% of code

on the internet is our old garbage. And

that's what the models learn from. And

every decision of an agent is local,

especially if the codebase is so big

that it doesn't fit into its context.

And if you let it go wild and add

abstractions everywhere that are

intertwined. Um, so that leads to lots

of abstractions and duplication and

backwards compatibility. Who has seen

that in the output of their agent? It's

annoying or defense in depth. So

yeah, you get enterprise grade

complexity within two weeks with just

two humans and 10 agents.

Congratulations.

And then you say, but my detailed spec.

Yes, sure. You know what we call a

sufficiently detailed spec? It's a

program.

So if you leave blanks in your spec,

what do you think happens? How does the

model fill in the blanks? And with what

does it fill that in? It fills it in

with the garbage that it learned on the

internet from our old code, which is

garbage to mediocre. And then you say,

but humans also, yes, humans are

horrible, fail failable beings, but they

can learn and they are bottlenecks.

There's only so many boooos they can add

to your code base on a daily basis. And

humans feel pain, which is a very

interesting property because humans hate

pain. And once there's too much pain,

the human has a bunch of options. It can

quit their job. It can uh blame somebody

else and make them fix it or everybody

bands together and starts refactoring

the out of the garbage codebase,

right? Agents will happily keep

into your codebase.

And now your agents MD and super complex

memory systems will not save you. agents

don't learn the way we learn.

Those are my most most beloved people. I

don't even read the code anymore.

Congratulations. Something is broken and

your users are screaming. So, who you

going to call? Not yourself because you

haven't read the code. So, you're

relying on your agents, but they are now

also overwhelmed because the codebase is

so humongous that there's absolutely

zero chance they can get all the context

they need to fix the issues. And long

context windows are a heck, as most of

you will find out this year. as

everybody's switching to 1 million

tokens context windows and agentic

search is also failing.

So the agent patches locally and

up globally. If you see this in

your codebase, you're

So you cannot trust your codebase

anymore and also not your test because

your agent wrote your test. So good

game. So here's how I think we should

work. Um there's a bunch of properties

for good agent tasks. That means scope.

If you can scope it in such a way that

the agent is guaranteed to find all the

things it needs to find to do a good

job, you're done. That means modularize

your codebase. If you can give it a

function to evaluate how well it did the

job, even better. Hill climbing, auto

research. Uh, anything non-m mission

critical, let it wipe. Boring stuff, let

it wipe. Reproduction cases for user

issues, which are usually only partial

in information, perfect. I don't spend

any mornings anymore doing that. Or if

you don't have a human near you, rubber

duck. So, lots of tasks you can use them

for and save time. At the end of that,

you evaluate. You take what's

reasonable. Most of it isn't. And then

finalize. My final slide, more or less,

slow the down. Think about what

you're building and why. And don't just

build because your agent can do it. Now,

that's stupid. Uh, learn to say no. This

is your most valuable uh capability at

the moment. Fewer features, but the ones

that matter. And then use your agents to

polish the out of that. Enlighten

your users, not your uh token maxing

desires. Get the amount of generated

code uh that you need to review.

And non-critical code, sure, wipe slop

ahead. Critical code, read every

line. See the keynote after me for more

info on that. So, how do you know what's

critical? Any guesses?

Well, you read the code. Uh, if

you do anything important, write it by

hand. You can use a clanker to help you

with that, but don't let it make the

decisions for you because we've learned

all the decisions it makes are learned

from the internet. And that friction is

the thing that builds the understanding

of the system in your head, which is

important. And it's also where you learn

new things. And all of this requires

discipline and agency. And all of this

still requires humans. Thank you.