yes hey guys we have been trying to

record for quite some time and this is

why I should make all my videos at home

but okay let's do this

here we are

that has taken me like 25 minutes to get

here so today my friends welcome we are

going to talk about Conquest in labor

systems

um if you are in the CED AP World CED we

are in 4.4 if you have the Amsco book

that would be super helpful if you're in

my class

um and you're looking at this 4.4 is the

number that we are looking at so we're

going to look at conquests and labor

systems and review a few things along

the way that you've already talked about

so first of all we've been saying that

there are two big leaders in the

conquest game at this point

um the Portuguese were the early leaders

but really the Spanish have come out

strong and have conquered if you're

behind me uh right there nope there

right there uh a lot of the quote new

world now their motives we've talked

about the three G's we saw before but

God gold Glory

uh is how we kind of say it but again we

know that gold is one of the major

economic motivators for Conquest we also

know that people spreading their faith

is a big deal and then when we say Glory

we're talking about taking land

remembering your name making your

country great those are all things for

different motives of conquest and so

we're going to look at two specific

places that we've already mentioned

before where we set up two empires for

the Spanish we have New Spain that's

also known as Mexico

uh by ernan Cortez uh 15 19 to 15 21 he

was really searching for gold that was

the big deal

and he captured Montezuma and kind of

like ruled through him as if he was like

a puppet not like a literal puppet

but he ruled through him

um as he was kind of behind the scenes

and he would make him kind of go out and

talk to the people but really behind the

scenes like the Puppet Master would be

Cortez he was like I said really looking

for gold and we remember that the Aztec

Empire was centered around what is today

Mexico City or China and as we are

looking here they have this huge area

um where they have their own belief

systems we know that they are Saturn

around Lake texoko and we're able to

like use the chinampas those Gardens to

provide food for their society but again

and they had all the tribute states you

have to remember that as well and so by

Cortez coming in and being able to

capture Montezuma and Rule through him

uh he was basically able to control

before actually even fully conquering

them they eventually will conquer the

city and they will kind of team up with

those Rivals those tribute states to be

able to do so and they set up as you've

seen that picture the vice royalty of

New Spain and we'll talk about that a

little bit more in Mexico so

hernandquatest is number one you need to

remember right number two will be very

easy review because we just talked about

this the other day that's new Castile or

Peru and Pizarro and what he did in

South America so those are the years

um atawapa was their leader and you saw

that in the guns germ Steel video and

they captured him and they were again

trying to really find that gold like

literally of the three G's looking for

gold which they will find that they do

not find the amount of gold they're

looking for but they will find silver

and we're gonna come back to that a

little bit later in the course but they

will brutally kill adawaba and they set

up their new Empire in South America so

as we're looking at the Spanish

developing kind of these new empires and

how they expand into this area those are

the two big ones that we need to talk

about so how do they do that we always

talk about how do you establish control

and then how do you maintain control so

establishing again why were they able to

guns germ steel if we went back to that

we talked about the weapons that they

had the guns that they had the steel

they were able to use

um also their ability by having the

immunities as whereas the people in the

Americas they were not around

domesticated animals to not develop the

immunities two small boxes we talked

about that again last week but when

we're looking for how did they like

maintain rule in the new world one still

pointing their own way in the new world

once they established rule so we want to

talk through that maintaining what is

the bureaucracy what are the ways that

their government was able to really

control the area once they set this up

because again they did not have the

number years like they would in other

places there were just fewer Spanish in

the colonies although more and more

people are coming how did they control

that and so let's look at that as we

kind of go in so for first place

political control

um the person like the governor that was

over the colony was known as a Viceroy

so I would write down that term Viceroy

is a governor of a colony answers to the

king back in Spain so it's still ruled

by Spain But as time went on they're

like we need someone here not like

sending letters across the ocean back

and forth they like legit needed someone

to make the decisions to be the governor

in their area that Governor again is

known as a Viceroy

um also they realize that like not all

the time were the viceroids always the

best and so they wanted some checks and

balances

um so the audience yes are these

educated lawyers who would then hear the

appeals if people had problems with the

Viceroy again the governor

um the Viceroy had like a direct line if

you will again not a phone

um but to the king so

um two terms that you need to know of

this bureaucratic system that creates

control so they can maintain their

control of the conquered areas they had

Viceroy Governor audiencius these

lawyers who basically had a direct line

to the king to check the power of the

Viceroy okay so we want to make sure

that that's part of their bureaucratic

system

next up

let's talk about their labor system so

um you will continue as we look at this

look at some of the documents that look

at these labor systems um this upcoming

week but if we're looking at the labor

systems we know that the Spanish

conquerors were not great to the natives

or indigenous people in these areas so

what they first started up we're going

to talk about a few different words that

you need to know but the end comienda is

one of the early labor systems and how

this labor system oftentimes is also

known as like the Hacienda system but

the encomienda is where the Spanish

Crown basically gives land grants land

and laborers

which again those are people to these

new settlers these conquistadors these

other Spanish people who have

sailed the ocean blue came on over and

have settled and so they're like hey

here's a chunk of land and here are

people who in theory have free will that

are now going to because they were

conquered by us work the land for you

so there's that

um so the haciendas are the Farms

themselves

um that they were kind of

agriculturalists as we're looking at

this now let's look through a few more

terms that you need to know about the

encomienda system besides that it's

awful so number one a few other words

the N Coleman zero is another name

that's like the Spanish guy that was

given the land and the laborers

um another name it's like the

Conquistadors like the soldiers that

were coming here okay and like we said

they were granted native laborers people

who were indigenous to the area people

who had lived there people who were like

from Mexico before we knew it as Mexico

okay or the Caribbean or wherever and so

they basically use native laborers for

Laborers

um that was basically like seen as a

tribute the tribute they gave was their

labor or the tribute they gave was the

goods that they farmed and provided for

them

um there were regulations that should

have checked this but we know there was

a difference between what the law said

the Spanish law code and what was

happening in their new founded New

colonies okay so this is what the system

was this is encomienda now here is the

thing you need to write down in here is

the encomienderos were terribly abusive

they overworked the natives they treated

them like enslaved people and not just

like tribute that you have to work for a

little bit and you're free even though

the lock code said that as in now what

was happening here

okay so they were abusive the

encomienderos the Spanish settlers the

Conquistadors lots of synonyms here but

they were absolutely terrible in how

that they were treating the people

um if you looked at some of the

artworkers there

um there are documents upon documents

upon documents of the mistreatment of

the people in the Americas

um there are stories of people being

tortured and killed burned alive for not

following their god

um

see the little baby right there like

they were absolutely awful to how that

they conquered and treated the native

people

um they were also known for chopping off

hands you kind of see this is a very

pixely picture but chopping off hands of

people if they couldn't bring them back

gold is like again purely a method of

using just kind of like fear

um using their idea of power to get them

to try to like oh maybe you weren't

listening look how terrible we're

treating them you better bring us back

gold now the problem was there wasn't a

ton of gold like they were hoping for

even though they tried to promise that

back and so when you're looking here

this is kind of the awful treatment of

the people

um in the Americas now their task is

encomienderos these conquistadors these

settlers that were granted the land and

the laborers was to in theory protect

them protect the native people from

other tribes

pretty sure they were the ones they

needed protection from but either way

and then also to share their Catholic

faith with them and in return they gain

Free Labor as well as what they get for

them which would be the gold or the

silver or the agricultural Goods

so that overall is the encomienda system

it's pretty terrible and so this is what

happens

um let's talk about something good for a

little time out here so bartolome De Las

Casas is a Dominican Friar remember

there are different orders of the

Catholic faith different like kind of

sex or denominations within that and one

of those orders is Dominican we also

talked about Jesuits they're the ones

that were going into Asia like Japan

that we talked about before now he was

like true to his faith and basically

started writing because he was a

Dominican fire in the Americas and

basically wrote All About the terrible

things that the Spanish were doing to

the native peoples okay

um so he is writing and he's sending

this work back to Spain to talk about

how terrible the settlers were in the

new world and he posed that yeah he even

if they were not Christians they were

not Catholic uh he opposed the way that

people were treating them and you can

read some of that and I believe you will

be reading a source by De Las Casas

um he's kind of like a champion and

activist for bringing about even when

people are of different cultures or

different beliefs

um the treatment that human beings

should give for each other so I always

like to go back to De Las Casas as a

good guy

um especially when we're hearing so much

awful stuff in history at this time now

because of de las casas's work and

because he basically has shown a

spotlight on this terrible mistreatment

of the native people and because of his

writings they shifted it's not totally

great but it's better and they replace

the encomienda system with the repar

Demento system the reparjamental system

basically said hey there's only forced

labor for a certain number of times so

in theory like people are free and they

really very similar to like the Mita

that we looked about in the Incas like

where you are really like you give labor

for a certain number of days weeks

months and then you're free the other

times like you're not enslaved and so

the repartamento was this shift to

basically say like hey this mistreatment

we hear you and that's not what we're

about

we still learn about the money but we

are not about that mistreatment and so

they shifted the system to still use

coerced labor it's still semi-forced but

people retain their freedom and so that

was a shift from the encomienda to the

repar Demento you need to know that's

one of the major things that we are

talking about

now let's talk about this kind of like

social order overall as we are looking

at this so there's a social order

um about basically like who has power

what are the social classes in the

Spanish colonies

if you want to look at 4.7 in your study

guide you can write this whole thing

down

4.7 is about like what are the social

categories roles practices how are they

maintain and change

um this is a change because new people

came here

um and so I would write this down for

sure because you need to know this so

let me just kind of walk you through

this real quick at the top of their

social order who had the most power

people who are opinions people who are

from the peninsula if that makes sense

people who were from the Iberian

Peninsula people who are from Spain for

example okay these are your aristocrats

these are the people who had the power

okay Creoles a little tricky here

Creoles are people who are descendants

of peninsularies so they are white

people they are Spanish people who are

born in the new world okay so this is

really important when we get to unit

five so just hang on because these guys

are going to be revolutionaries later

but so these are people who are 100

European

um however were born in the new world

okay they were born in the Americas born

in the Caribbean okay and so they are

European DNA they are white people but

they have only only known the world of

the Americas okay now this is where we

start getting it gets really tricky this

is a very simplified social class order

people who are the next kind of level of

power in society or people who are

mestizos people who are Caucasian who

are European

um and Indian so when we say Indian I'm

talking like native indigenous people

from like Mexico Caribbean South America

okay so they have kind of Aztec Roots

Inca Roots however right we know that

with so many men traveling there there

was a natural increase in population and

when a Spanish male creates a baby he

wants that baby to have more power and

so we start getting this social order

okay so mestizos have more power same

thing happens when we had the Atlantic

slave trade system that began to be

operated and we had people who were of

African descent came to the colonies as

enslaved laborers we are going to talk

again mulatto would be this mix not an

appropriate term today but but then that

would be this social class where people

have like Caucasian and African or mixed

Roots okay

um below that this gets again way more

complicated than you're seeing here we

have people who are native American okay

right native to that area and then below

that we have people who are enslaved

Africans

um in that area so this is kind of the

social order

um that is created and it gets even more

complicated right uh it doesn't stay in

this nice little tidy triangle box here

um but that is important for you to know

all right so after these terrible

systems get created and our new social

order uh that gives people more rights

based on

um their race their ethnicity

um we see that what happens based on

watching Guns Germs steal and we focus

on the germs part we have a huge

outbreak outbreak of smallpox and there

was kind of this idea that like

basically see in Indio India's if you

guys take Spanish I

did and I'm not great at but either ways

like this idea that like without native

people there are no Indies this idea

that

this area was a Reliance so much on the

encomienda by the repartamento that they

needed a new source of coerced or free

labor and unfortunately there's a shift

then to African slavery African slavery

um and this really begins in 1501 which

is really early and only increases as

you guys are working into some of the

other assignments that we're doing and

you'll kind of see over time through

kind of a visualization in one of the

assignments that we're going to work on

of just over time how much the Atlantic

slave system

increases slave labor in the New World

um and when you start thinking of and I

always think this is kind of like that

shocking Moment Like if I asked you like

think of a Jamaican

you guys probably could think of like

Usain Bolt maybe

um or you just think of like what does a

Jamaican person look like

my guess is

in your brain they're black but when we

again are looking at the map

we see that in the Caribbean there were

not people who were black that lived

there until the slave trade began and if

you start looking at how many people are

forcibly trafficked across the Atlantic

you start to understand why Jamaica

today

is a majority black country why it has

so many people who have their Roots back

in Africa and it's again the Atlantic

slave trading system so

um we see this ramp up we see this whole

system which we call as triangular trade

but just this awful system where people

are being trafficked out of the western

coast of Africa Sierra Leone Gold Coast

Area as you kind of move down to Central

like Angola and the Congo these are

areas where so many people are

trafficked from and so again we see

primarily where people are going to are

it's not North America although there is

a large portion of people that do but

we're really only talking about two

percent of the total number here most

people are trafficked to the Caribbean

into South America and so that is going

to change history in so many ways that

we're going to dig into but for today

um I'm hopeful that this really set up

the labor systems and kind of brought

you along

um from the place where we the Spanish

use native laborers

um in the encomienda system how

primarily because of people like De Las

Casas who wrote and kind of showed off a

lot of the atrocities that were

happening it shifted to the

reparchimental

um and then because of disease and again

the lack of people like again there were

so many people millions of people who

were killed more than the plague in

Europe more people were killed because

of smallpox

um it led to unfortunately

um the slave trade across the Atlantic

the Triangular Trade

um that we're going to see and so we'll

continue talking about that we're going

to dig into that more specifically um

coming up this week but again hopefully

this is helpful to talk about the labor

systems hopefully you got those notes

down hopefully that makes sense again

how the Spanish

expanded their empire because of

gunstroom seal how they set up their

empire and ruled their areas and how

they use those labor systems uh we'll

come back to more in the future but

hopefully that makes sense and is

helpful we'll see you guys really soon