Peasants vs Knights: Battle of Hemmingstedt
361 segments
In the twilight years of the 15th
century, the name of the black guard
strikes fear in the hearts of the
northern European peasantry.
They are mercenary lands
armed to the teeth with pikes and
halbirds and they specialize in fighting
unruly peasants. A local duke originally
raised this ruthless and bloodthirsty
group to crack down on descent near the
North Sea coast. Effective though the
guard was. The Duke soon ran out of
funds to pay them. He dismissed the
mercenaries, but they refused to
disperse. For nine long years, the 4,000
strong black guard answered to no lord
but gold, leaving behind a trail of
smoke, ash, and whispers of terror
across.
Neither women nor children were spared.
At their helm stands Thomas Slence, a
hardened nobleman shaped by the brutal
campaigns of Archduke Maximleon I.
Now under the banner of King John of
Denmark, the mercenaries marched toward
Ditmarian, sworn to crush the defiant
free peasants whom the Danish king had
come to despise. Dit Marartian had
emerged as an independent free peasants
republic where neither foreign lords nor
petty nobles had any say in how they
lived their lives. Thanks to its bogggy
marshland, clan-based kinships, and a
healthy dose of luck, Dit Martian was
able to fight off foreign counts and
dukes that sought to dominate it.
Although similar free peasants republics
around them crumbled, Ditmarian
continued to thrive, partially thanks to
lucrative trade with their partners in
the Hanziatic League. The Peasants
Republic had the difficult task of
creating an effective defensive system
without putting too much power in the
hands of a would-be military elite. That
meant that the young [music] state
relied on local militias to defend its
land, while its leadership was shared by
48 regents [music] who hailed from
Ditmarians most influential families and
held office for life. When war loomed,
these regions gathered to debate
strategy and assigned overall command to
an individual or group as long as the
battle required. Dit Martian's existence
was an affront to the nobles and kings
around it. The independent republic of
free peasants [music] went directly
against the European feudal social
order. King John of Denmark, who ruled
over all Scandinavian kingdoms [music]
and the neighboring German lands, openly
coveted Ditmarian. He cited a long list
of provocations like the plunder of
nearby Idstead at the start of the
century and the burning down of a
customs house on [music] Helgoland as
his reason to subdue them once and for
all. In reality, the real reason for
Jon's invasion was a desire for fame,
enrichment, and expansion. To justify
his war, King Jon made a series of
outrageous demands that the Dit Marshers
logically refused. Not long after, an
imposing force [music] of 12,000
well-armed and well-trained men along
the Dit Marsher border. Foremost among
them stood [music] the Black Guard. Dit
Martian's Hanziatic allies did next to
nothing. Lubec only sent some token aid
and Hamburg did not even try to deny the
Black [music] Guard passage through its
territory. The Peasants Republic and its
6,000 farmer militia men stood alone.
On February 11th, 1500, the troops of
the Danish king crossed into the
Peasants Republic under severe frost,
slaughtering innocent peasants and
plundering whatever they could find. In
just 2 days, the gargantuan army entered
Meldor, the old state capital. Those who
did not flee were brutally massacred by
the Black Guard. The king ordered the
Danish national flag to be hung from the
church tower and took up residence in a
nearby monastery. In his eyes, he had
already won. He sent out messengers to
the regents and awaited their surrender.
None returned. On the 16th, he announced
his intention to march north to Haida,
the current capital, while the fields
were [music] still frozen.
The situation looked bleak for the dit
marshers. The southern part of the
republic was cut off and the dwindling
force of peasant mercenaries seemed
little able to offer meaningful
resistance. However, as the Danish king
planned to march north, the dit marshers
learned of his plans from a captured
scout. Between Melddorf and Haida lay
four miles or 6 and a half kilometers of
swamp where the elevated roadway created
a choke point. As the Danish army
concentrated on the road, they would be
squeezed into a narrow column on the
march north with no way to maneuver. A
Dutch immigrant named Vulabbran
suggested that the militia use this
terrain to ambush the Danish army just
south of the town of Hemingstat. The
Ditmar leadership promptly adopted his
plan and placed him in command without
descent. Hurriedly, Ishabbrand began
constructing his fortifications.
He worked through the night to erect an
earth wall to block the road into
Hemingstep. He dug a ditch before it and
deepened the canals nearby to protect
the fortifications. In this ditch,
Ishabbrand placed his best men and the
few artillery pieces he had at his
disposal. The remainder of his militia
guarded the nearby Slooh Gate and
Hillik. Although the Dit Marshers
continued to be heavily outnumbered and
outgun, Isha Brunt would force the Danes
to confront him on his terms.
In the early hours of February 17th,
King John ordered the army to march
north. Although Thomas Slence warned him
that the ground was starting to thaw,
the Danish king was adamant. With the
Black Guard forming the vanguard, the
long column set out north. As the army
slogged through the swamp, rain and snow
blowing in their faces, they were
completely oblivious to the defenses on
the road ahead. The roadway, surrounded
on both sides by icy water, was
pulverized into a wet slurry by the
thousands of feet and hooves that
crossed it. Although the Danish column
did not lack military power, its sheer
weight suffered in the morass. Many of
these supply wagons could hardly pass
the roadway. The column's size also
worked against it in the treacherous
Ditmar swamp. While the king and his
brother were still in Melddor, they
unexpectedly heard the distant sound of
gun. A few scouting cavalrymen, nearly
blinded by the darkness, fog, and rain
almost blundered into Ishabbron's
earthworks before they realized what it
was. Not long after, a volley of shots
tore through the scouts, and artillery
started pounding the black guard.
Immediately, Slence ordered his men to
take up a tightlyknit balance formation
on the right shoulder of the road and
wait for engineers to bridge the ditch.
The exposed engineers, however, were all
shot down as they approached the water.
Isabon's tactics had placed Slence in a
precarious position. His black guard was
exposed and closely huddled together. A
single shot from the Dip Marsher
artillery could decimate them.
Fortunately for Slence, it was still
dark. To preempt this crisis, the
experienced commander ordered the Royal
artillery forward. A few wellpositioned
shots could take the Dip Marsher guns
out of commission and destroy enough of
the earthworks to overcome it with a
wellpositioned frontal assault. But the
weather turned those plans into a
fantasy as constant lashes of wind and
rain kept dousing the wicks of the
cannons and ruined the gunpowder. Slints
immediately sent for fresh supplies.
Meanwhile, Isa realized it was only a
matter of time before the Danish guns
were operational again. His shots were
not damaging the guns. Desperate times
called for desperate measures, so the
Dip Marshers willingly threw themselves
onto the pikes of the guard to push the
cannons into the swamp. Chaotic fighting
ensued as the Dit Marshers tried to
reach the cannons while brawling with
the Black Guard. In the end, a
concentrated rush of the peasant militia
successfully overwhelmed the
mercenaries. Thanks to their light armor
and jumping sticks, they could
outmaneuver the bogged down soldiers.
They dumped the cannons into the ice
cold water and fled back into the redout
immediately after. As dawn broke, the
[music] Black Guard was in a perilous
position. They were trapped under the
smoke of the enemy guns without their
supporting artillery and with little to
no room for maneuver. Seeing no
alternative, Sense ordered his forces to
storm the Redown. Instead of forcing
them immediately into the dip marcher
cannons, he reasoned it would be better
to order his men onto the marshy ground
to the east where the militia's defenses
were weaker.
As the guards scrambled onto the
marshland, Isa quickly realized the
danger of the situation. If Slence's men
reached the high ground on his flanks,
they could incapacitate the Dit Martian
artillery or possibly even outflank the
entire defensive line. Should the
artillery be as much as interrupted, the
dip marshers could not hope to fend off
a frontal assault. So he made a daring
ploy, ordering his exhausted militia men
to remove their shoes, helmets, armor,
and shields, and to throw themselves
onto the fallanks. What ensued was
chaos. The black guard fallank crawled
forward with troops miring themselves
even further into the swamp thanks to
their heavy equipment. The rain turned
the ground into a thick sludge, while
the fog made it near impossible to see,
let alone coordinate. All the while,
both Ishabbrand ordered another wave of
half-naked militia men to jump off the
high ground onto the fallings.
Several thousands of militia men hurled
themselves onto the oncoming enemy once
again, using their mobility in the dense
terrain to their advantage. While the
two forces were brawling ferociously in
the cloying swamp, militia men at the
nearby dyke had opened the slle gate. In
a flash, ice cold seaater came rushing
onto the battlefield. The water came in
with such force that men were knocked
from their feet. Like many of his
officers, Thomas Lent died in the
fighting. According to legend, he was
thrown from his horse, caught in the
throat, trampled, and killed in a duel
with one of the militia men. Ishabbron's
final wave would ultimately break the
ranks of the Black Guard completely,
transforming the battlefield into a
devastating route. The Danish forces
fled in a blind panic. The men of the
Black Guard attempted to throw their
weapons down and escape the battlefield.
The dip marshers followed with the cry,
"No quarter." They took no prisoners and
killed every single soldier and militia
they could get their hands on. Units to
the rear, hearing the noise of combat,
and seeing the water rushing in from the
sea, hurriedly retreated as well.
The narrow, muddy road back to Melddor,
became a medieval traffic jam. All the
while, avenging peasant armies pressed
ever further and killed all who either
couldn't or wouldn't flee. Infantry and
cavalry collided with each other as each
scrambled back to Meldor. Cavalry men
who were forced off the road faced a
certain demise. Their horses were stuck
in the swamp and their armor was too
heavy to stand a chance against the
rising water. They were sitting ducks
when the half-naked dip marshers showed
up and slaughtered them. King Jon and
his brother narrowly escaped, but they
were the exception. At the cost of just
60 dip marshers, the Danes counted 4,000
men in losses, a third of the total
invasion force. Following the battle,
the Dip Marshers buried the bodies of
the commoners from J's army. The nobles
were not given the same privilege,
instead being left to rot in the
marshes. Aside from securing their
independence, the peasants republic
scored an enormous war booty consisting
of gold and silver table settings,
wagons of food, war material, thousands
of war and draft horses, a park of
artillery and powder, [music] and the
personal effects of the fallen. Among
the booty was the king's own Danish flag
which was hung in the church of Wolf
Ishabbrron's hometown in memory of the
victory. News of King John's defeat to
the Dip Marshers spread like wildfire
through Northern Europe. Lubec erupted
in celebration. Sweden erupted in an
anti-Danish revolt that lasted for over
a decade. King Jon swore revenge but
would not be able to launch another
invasion of the Peasants Republic. Many
of the farmers who fought in the battle
returned to their lives of old. Among
them was Vulfish who faded into
obscurity after the battle and died 6
years later. Although the battle of
Hemingstad was a resounding success for
the small republic, its independence
proved to be untenable. 60 years later,
King Frederick II of Denmark, Norway,
defeated the Dit Marchers in the aptly
named Last Feud, putting the free
peasant state to an end once and for
all.
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Ask follow-up questions or revisit key timestamps.
The video recounts the Battle of Hemmingstedt in the late 15th century, where the independent free peasant republic of Ditmarschen faced an invasion by King John of Denmark and his fearsome Black Guard mercenaries. Despite being vastly outnumbered, the Ditmarshers, led by Dutch immigrant Vulabbran, strategically utilized their treacherous marshland terrain. They prepared an ambush with fortifications, innovative tactics like sabotaging Danish artillery, and ultimately flooded the battlefield with seawater, leading to a decisive victory against the Danish forces. This secured Ditmarschen's independence and spread news of King John's defeat across Northern Europe, although their independence proved temporary, ending 60 years later.
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