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Peasants vs Knights: Battle of Hemmingstedt

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Peasants vs Knights: Battle of Hemmingstedt

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361 segments

0:00

In the twilight years of the 15th

0:02

century, the name of the black guard

0:05

strikes fear in the hearts of the

0:08

northern European peasantry.

0:10

They are mercenary lands

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armed to the teeth with pikes and

0:16

halbirds and they specialize in fighting

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unruly peasants. A local duke originally

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raised this ruthless and bloodthirsty

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group to crack down on descent near the

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North Sea coast. Effective though the

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guard was. The Duke soon ran out of

0:35

funds to pay them. He dismissed the

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mercenaries, but they refused to

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disperse. For nine long years, the 4,000

0:45

strong black guard answered to no lord

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but gold, leaving behind a trail of

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smoke, ash, and whispers of terror

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across.

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Neither women nor children were spared.

0:59

At their helm stands Thomas Slence, a

1:03

hardened nobleman shaped by the brutal

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campaigns of Archduke Maximleon I.

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Now under the banner of King John of

1:12

Denmark, the mercenaries marched toward

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Ditmarian, sworn to crush the defiant

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free peasants whom the Danish king had

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come to despise. Dit Marartian had

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emerged as an independent free peasants

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republic where neither foreign lords nor

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petty nobles had any say in how they

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lived their lives. Thanks to its bogggy

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marshland, clan-based kinships, and a

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healthy dose of luck, Dit Martian was

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able to fight off foreign counts and

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dukes that sought to dominate it.

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Although similar free peasants republics

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around them crumbled, Ditmarian

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continued to thrive, partially thanks to

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lucrative trade with their partners in

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the Hanziatic League. The Peasants

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Republic had the difficult task of

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creating an effective defensive system

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without putting too much power in the

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hands of a would-be military elite. That

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meant that the young [music] state

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relied on local militias to defend its

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land, while its leadership was shared by

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48 regents [music] who hailed from

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Ditmarians most influential families and

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held office for life. When war loomed,

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these regions gathered to debate

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strategy and assigned overall command to

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an individual or group as long as the

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battle required. Dit Martian's existence

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was an affront to the nobles and kings

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around it. The independent republic of

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free peasants [music] went directly

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against the European feudal social

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order. King John of Denmark, who ruled

2:54

over all Scandinavian kingdoms [music]

2:56

and the neighboring German lands, openly

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coveted Ditmarian. He cited a long list

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of provocations like the plunder of

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nearby Idstead at the start of the

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century and the burning down of a

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customs house on [music] Helgoland as

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his reason to subdue them once and for

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all. In reality, the real reason for

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Jon's invasion was a desire for fame,

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enrichment, and expansion. To justify

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his war, King Jon made a series of

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outrageous demands that the Dit Marshers

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logically refused. Not long after, an

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imposing force [music] of 12,000

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well-armed and well-trained men along

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the Dit Marsher border. Foremost among

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them stood [music] the Black Guard. Dit

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Martian's Hanziatic allies did next to

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nothing. Lubec only sent some token aid

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and Hamburg did not even try to deny the

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Black [music] Guard passage through its

3:56

territory. The Peasants Republic and its

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6,000 farmer militia men stood alone.

4:05

On February 11th, 1500, the troops of

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the Danish king crossed into the

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Peasants Republic under severe frost,

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slaughtering innocent peasants and

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plundering whatever they could find. In

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just 2 days, the gargantuan army entered

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Meldor, the old state capital. Those who

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did not flee were brutally massacred by

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the Black Guard. The king ordered the

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Danish national flag to be hung from the

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church tower and took up residence in a

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nearby monastery. In his eyes, he had

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already won. He sent out messengers to

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the regents and awaited their surrender.

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None returned. On the 16th, he announced

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his intention to march north to Haida,

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the current capital, while the fields

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were [music] still frozen.

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The situation looked bleak for the dit

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marshers. The southern part of the

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republic was cut off and the dwindling

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force of peasant mercenaries seemed

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little able to offer meaningful

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resistance. However, as the Danish king

5:11

planned to march north, the dit marshers

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learned of his plans from a captured

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scout. Between Melddorf and Haida lay

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four miles or 6 and a half kilometers of

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swamp where the elevated roadway created

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a choke point. As the Danish army

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concentrated on the road, they would be

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squeezed into a narrow column on the

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march north with no way to maneuver. A

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Dutch immigrant named Vulabbran

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suggested that the militia use this

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terrain to ambush the Danish army just

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south of the town of Hemingstat. The

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Ditmar leadership promptly adopted his

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plan and placed him in command without

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descent. Hurriedly, Ishabbrand began

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constructing his fortifications.

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He worked through the night to erect an

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earth wall to block the road into

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Hemingstep. He dug a ditch before it and

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deepened the canals nearby to protect

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the fortifications. In this ditch,

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Ishabbrand placed his best men and the

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few artillery pieces he had at his

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disposal. The remainder of his militia

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guarded the nearby Slooh Gate and

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Hillik. Although the Dit Marshers

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continued to be heavily outnumbered and

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outgun, Isha Brunt would force the Danes

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to confront him on his terms.

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In the early hours of February 17th,

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King John ordered the army to march

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north. Although Thomas Slence warned him

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that the ground was starting to thaw,

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the Danish king was adamant. With the

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Black Guard forming the vanguard, the

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long column set out north. As the army

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slogged through the swamp, rain and snow

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blowing in their faces, they were

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completely oblivious to the defenses on

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the road ahead. The roadway, surrounded

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on both sides by icy water, was

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pulverized into a wet slurry by the

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thousands of feet and hooves that

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crossed it. Although the Danish column

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did not lack military power, its sheer

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weight suffered in the morass. Many of

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these supply wagons could hardly pass

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the roadway. The column's size also

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worked against it in the treacherous

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Ditmar swamp. While the king and his

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brother were still in Melddor, they

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unexpectedly heard the distant sound of

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gun. A few scouting cavalrymen, nearly

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blinded by the darkness, fog, and rain

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almost blundered into Ishabbron's

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earthworks before they realized what it

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was. Not long after, a volley of shots

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tore through the scouts, and artillery

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started pounding the black guard.

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Immediately, Slence ordered his men to

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take up a tightlyknit balance formation

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on the right shoulder of the road and

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wait for engineers to bridge the ditch.

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The exposed engineers, however, were all

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shot down as they approached the water.

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Isabon's tactics had placed Slence in a

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precarious position. His black guard was

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exposed and closely huddled together. A

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single shot from the Dip Marsher

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artillery could decimate them.

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Fortunately for Slence, it was still

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dark. To preempt this crisis, the

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experienced commander ordered the Royal

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artillery forward. A few wellpositioned

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shots could take the Dip Marsher guns

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out of commission and destroy enough of

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the earthworks to overcome it with a

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wellpositioned frontal assault. But the

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weather turned those plans into a

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fantasy as constant lashes of wind and

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rain kept dousing the wicks of the

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cannons and ruined the gunpowder. Slints

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immediately sent for fresh supplies.

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Meanwhile, Isa realized it was only a

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matter of time before the Danish guns

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were operational again. His shots were

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not damaging the guns. Desperate times

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called for desperate measures, so the

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Dip Marshers willingly threw themselves

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onto the pikes of the guard to push the

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cannons into the swamp. Chaotic fighting

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ensued as the Dit Marshers tried to

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reach the cannons while brawling with

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the Black Guard. In the end, a

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concentrated rush of the peasant militia

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successfully overwhelmed the

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mercenaries. Thanks to their light armor

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and jumping sticks, they could

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outmaneuver the bogged down soldiers.

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They dumped the cannons into the ice

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cold water and fled back into the redout

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immediately after. As dawn broke, the

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[music] Black Guard was in a perilous

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position. They were trapped under the

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smoke of the enemy guns without their

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supporting artillery and with little to

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no room for maneuver. Seeing no

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alternative, Sense ordered his forces to

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storm the Redown. Instead of forcing

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them immediately into the dip marcher

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cannons, he reasoned it would be better

10:00

to order his men onto the marshy ground

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to the east where the militia's defenses

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were weaker.

10:07

As the guards scrambled onto the

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marshland, Isa quickly realized the

10:12

danger of the situation. If Slence's men

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reached the high ground on his flanks,

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they could incapacitate the Dit Martian

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artillery or possibly even outflank the

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entire defensive line. Should the

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artillery be as much as interrupted, the

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dip marshers could not hope to fend off

10:28

a frontal assault. So he made a daring

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ploy, ordering his exhausted militia men

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to remove their shoes, helmets, armor,

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and shields, and to throw themselves

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onto the fallanks. What ensued was

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chaos. The black guard fallank crawled

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forward with troops miring themselves

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even further into the swamp thanks to

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their heavy equipment. The rain turned

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the ground into a thick sludge, while

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the fog made it near impossible to see,

10:58

let alone coordinate. All the while,

11:00

both Ishabbrand ordered another wave of

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half-naked militia men to jump off the

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high ground onto the fallings.

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Several thousands of militia men hurled

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themselves onto the oncoming enemy once

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again, using their mobility in the dense

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terrain to their advantage. While the

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two forces were brawling ferociously in

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the cloying swamp, militia men at the

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nearby dyke had opened the slle gate. In

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a flash, ice cold seaater came rushing

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onto the battlefield. The water came in

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with such force that men were knocked

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from their feet. Like many of his

11:36

officers, Thomas Lent died in the

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fighting. According to legend, he was

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thrown from his horse, caught in the

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throat, trampled, and killed in a duel

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with one of the militia men. Ishabbron's

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final wave would ultimately break the

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ranks of the Black Guard completely,

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transforming the battlefield into a

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devastating route. The Danish forces

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fled in a blind panic. The men of the

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Black Guard attempted to throw their

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weapons down and escape the battlefield.

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The dip marshers followed with the cry,

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"No quarter." They took no prisoners and

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killed every single soldier and militia

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they could get their hands on. Units to

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the rear, hearing the noise of combat,

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and seeing the water rushing in from the

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sea, hurriedly retreated as well.

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The narrow, muddy road back to Melddor,

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became a medieval traffic jam. All the

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while, avenging peasant armies pressed

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ever further and killed all who either

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couldn't or wouldn't flee. Infantry and

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cavalry collided with each other as each

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scrambled back to Meldor. Cavalry men

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who were forced off the road faced a

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certain demise. Their horses were stuck

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in the swamp and their armor was too

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heavy to stand a chance against the

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rising water. They were sitting ducks

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when the half-naked dip marshers showed

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up and slaughtered them. King Jon and

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his brother narrowly escaped, but they

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were the exception. At the cost of just

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60 dip marshers, the Danes counted 4,000

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men in losses, a third of the total

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invasion force. Following the battle,

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the Dip Marshers buried the bodies of

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the commoners from J's army. The nobles

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were not given the same privilege,

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instead being left to rot in the

13:23

marshes. Aside from securing their

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independence, the peasants republic

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scored an enormous war booty consisting

13:30

of gold and silver table settings,

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wagons of food, war material, thousands

13:36

of war and draft horses, a park of

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artillery and powder, [music] and the

13:40

personal effects of the fallen. Among

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the booty was the king's own Danish flag

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which was hung in the church of Wolf

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Ishabbrron's hometown in memory of the

13:50

victory. News of King John's defeat to

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the Dip Marshers spread like wildfire

13:56

through Northern Europe. Lubec erupted

13:58

in celebration. Sweden erupted in an

14:01

anti-Danish revolt that lasted for over

14:04

a decade. King Jon swore revenge but

14:07

would not be able to launch another

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invasion of the Peasants Republic. Many

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of the farmers who fought in the battle

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returned to their lives of old. Among

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them was Vulfish who faded into

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obscurity after the battle and died 6

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years later. Although the battle of

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Hemingstad was a resounding success for

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the small republic, its independence

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proved to be untenable. 60 years later,

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King Frederick II of Denmark, Norway,

14:35

defeated the Dit Marchers in the aptly

14:37

named Last Feud, putting the free

14:40

peasant state to an end once and for

14:42

all.

14:48

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Interactive Summary

The video recounts the Battle of Hemmingstedt in the late 15th century, where the independent free peasant republic of Ditmarschen faced an invasion by King John of Denmark and his fearsome Black Guard mercenaries. Despite being vastly outnumbered, the Ditmarshers, led by Dutch immigrant Vulabbran, strategically utilized their treacherous marshland terrain. They prepared an ambush with fortifications, innovative tactics like sabotaging Danish artillery, and ultimately flooded the battlefield with seawater, leading to a decisive victory against the Danish forces. This secured Ditmarschen's independence and spread news of King John's defeat across Northern Europe, although their independence proved temporary, ending 60 years later.

Suggested questions

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