Do you want to talk about that, um, it

was like

the direct trial, is that what it was

called?

>> Yeah, I need to tell you I don't know

too much about it, but I I I want to,

um,

um, explain some properties of GrimAge,

um, that I'm aware of. So, GrimAge very

much correlates

with what is known as carotenoid levels

in the blood. So, what are those? So,

you you know, um, let's maybe back off

and think of nutritional studies.

Many people have so-called food

questionnaires where they evaluate the

diet of participants.

And from all I know from analyzing data

is that these food questionnaires

often don't reflect reality.

>> remember what I ate for breakfast. Well,

I didn't eat breakfast today, but

>> Yeah, I mean, and and people always know

what they should answer, you know, but

so that may bias their memory. They will

say, "Oh, yeah, I ate, um, X servings of

broccoli." But, it just doesn't reflect

reality. But, fortunately, there blood

tests, you can measure the so-called

carotenoid levels in the blood and

and have an objective readout of fruit,

vegetable consumption.

And the striking finding in

postmenopausal women from the Women's

Health Initiative was that this, um,

measure of vegetable intake has a strong

correlation with GrimAge and other

epigenetic clocks. The strong meaning

maybe -.3. So, it's a to me a very

strong effect, which really changed my

behavior. By now, I really eat a lot of

vegetables, um,

>> Can you translate that to like months?

Like, what would -.3

>> Yeah, sorry, I'm

>> [laughter]

>> I could translate it, but, uh,

>> Like, just an estimate, like

>> Yeah, no, let me put it this way.

Smoking has a correlation of 0.4. So, if

you smoke a lot, it increases your age.

Um vegetable consumption minus 0.3. So,

it's actually

>> Wow.

>> Yeah, I was very surprised. I was like

>> So, in this

>> When I Sorry, I add one more statistic.

Exercise, the correlation would be 0.1.

So, do you see So, vegetable

intake has a much stronger effect. I

mean, orders of magnitude stronger

effect on GrimAge and these methylation

clocks than, for example, exercise, you

know.

>> And you And you And you think it might

come down to even the carotenoids,

perhaps, or just the vitamins and

minerals and everything in the

vegetables kind of compounding

>> Yeah, you know, I never looked into

that, but I feel that would be such a

worthwhile research study. What I can

tell you is this vegetable association

is 100% accurate, but now teasing it

apart, what is it, you know?

>> Yeah.

>> To be seen, you know.

>> It's probably so many things. I mean,

you've got the fiber matrix, you're

getting micron like vegetables,

especially greens, and if you're talking

about carotenoids, you know, lutein,

zeaxanthin, these are these are

carotenoids that are in greens. And

interesting, there's been a lot of

studies coming out looking at blood

levels of lutein and zeaxanthin.

People usually associate that them with

eye health. They accumulate in the eye.

There've been randomized controlled

trials showing they can help prevent

age-related macular degeneration. They

also accumulate in the brain. And

they're associated with improved

cognitive function, crystallize

intelligence, improved brain aging in

general.

>> All right.

>> And there's other carotenoids.

Beta-carotene is probably what most

people are familiar with, lycopene in

tomatoes. So, there's a variety of these

carotenoids, which are very powerful at

basically um

I would say buffering oxidative stress

and singlet oxygen, for example, if

you're talking about in the eye.

>> Yes.

>> But um it's interesting that vegetable

intake can have such a profound

>> Yes, to me this was

>> a vegan trial, too, I think also

There was a trial looking at people that

are eating a lot of vegetables versus

like in a healthy omnivore trial in the

I think the vegan trial they also had

slowed their epigenetic aging more, but

there's always weight loss as a

confounding factor cuz they were eating

fewer calories.

But, that's really interesting that

there's a minus point three. That is

pretty strong. You gave me that

reference point of smoking being

You said it was Wait, smoking was point

four?

>> Okay, smoking point four, maybe point

four five. So, it's increased

correlation.

>> Um exercise point one.

>> Okay.

>> So, and we we can talk later about

exercise, but very weak effect. In order

to see an effect of exercise, you really

need to study many thousands of people.

With vegetable intake, the effect is so

strong you probably see an effect when

you analyze a couple of hundred people,

you know. So, um, um

But, um, regarding the question vegan

versus

carnivores, you know, I honestly have,

uh,

not seen convincing data.

>> Omnivore. Omnivore.

>> Or omnivore. Yeah, so, or yeah,

sorry.

>> be the extreme opposite.

>> That's true. Yeah, let me rephrase it.

So, I I have not seen any evidence

that people who, let's say, eat a lot of

red meat age much faster than people who

are vegans.

And, um, we looked again in the Women's

Health Initiative.

I mean, there was a hint, I want to say,

when we analyzed 3,000 women. And then,

women who ate red meat, it was barely

noticeable that red meat was ever so

slightly increasing epigenetic age, but

it was truly negligible, you know. So,

um, what I can tell you is I I so much

meat. Um,

hopefully it's not bad for me.

>> I eat meat and vegetables. I try to be

easy on the carbs, you know. I I eat

carbs, but I try to reduce them.

>> Well, I mean vegeta- vegetables are

carbohydrates. They're just complex

carbohydrates, not simple. So, you're

you're not eating the simple

carbohydrates.

>> Yeah, exactly.

>> Yeah. Um

that that vegetable stuff is is

interesting that there's so much in

vegetables with micronutrients and the

phytochemicals, right? That that's

another thing in them, the fiber. I

mean, there's there's a lot of things

going on here that's

>> Yeah, somebody should really tease that

apart. What kind of vegetables should be

eaten, you know? And um

and dosages, yeah.

Lots of exciting PhD dissertations could

be written on that topic.