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What Everyone Gets Wrong About ADHD

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What Everyone Gets Wrong About ADHD

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837 segments

0:00

So this is an ADHD assessment, okay? I'm

0:02

going to take some notes. Then we're

0:03

going to understand what is going on

0:05

here and what to do about it.

0:06

>> Uh 45 minutes late.

0:08

>> Yeah, sorry. There was like a ton of

0:09

traffic. I forgot it was today.

0:10

>> That's okay. Let's review your answers

0:12

to the questionnaire I sent over.

0:14

>> Didn't do it.

0:14

>> Mhm.

0:15

>> [clears throat]

0:15

>> Okay, let's just dive in then. Uh

0:16

question one, where are your sunglasses?

0:19

>> I don't know.

0:19

>> And when was the last time you did know?

0:21

>> 2017.

0:22

>> Okay. Are you thirsty?

0:24

>> Yes.

0:24

>> Do you have water?

0:25

>> Got it.

0:26

>> Will you drink it?

0:27

>> Nope.

0:27

>> What was that noise?

0:28

>> A reminder.

0:29

>> For you to

0:30

>> Wish my best friend a happy birthday.

0:31

>> Today?

0:32

>> Two months ago.

0:32

>> And you

0:33

>> Forgot.

0:33

>> For the

0:34

>> Seventh year in a row.

0:35

>> And how many times have they forgotten

0:36

yours?

0:37

>> Zero.

0:37

>> Which makes you feel like

0:38

>> friend.

0:39

>> Even though you're

0:40

>> Friends are super important to me.

0:41

>> And when was the last time you started a

0:42

new hobby?

0:43

>> This morning.

0:43

>> Pottery or pizza making?

0:44

>> Pottery.

0:45

>> Say more.

0:46

>> So that I can make custom plates on

0:47

which to put my homemade pizza.

0:48

>> And your pizza oven has been

0:50

>> Outside.

0:50

>> For

0:50

>> Three years.

0:51

>> Filled with

0:51

>> Cobwebs.

0:52

>> And you are

0:53

>> Too afraid to clean it.

0:53

>> Have you ever kept a plant alive?

0:55

>> No.

0:55

>> How many amazing ideas do you have on a

0:57

given day?

0:57

>> Uh between one and 300,000.

1:00

>> And how many of them do you execute?

1:02

>> Pass.

1:02

>> And finally, if you were the star of an

1:03

action movie where the fate of humanity

1:05

hinged on your ability to send a thank

1:07

you card, it would end with

1:09

>> Perfect score.

1:09

>> So what we're going to do is go through

1:12

each of these things that they describe

1:14

and talk about how they connect to ADHD,

1:17

okay? So first thing is that he's late.

1:19

So we know that ADHD has time blindness.

1:22

Second thing is the questionnaire. Did

1:24

you fill out the questionnaire? No, I

1:25

forgot. This is executive function and

1:28

or disorganization. The water thing I'm

1:31

not quite sure about. Do you have water?

1:33

Are you thirsty? I was kind of confused

1:35

about that one. You forget to eat or

1:37

drink. Okay, that's helpful.

1:38

>> We can talk about that.

1:39

>> Thank you, Chad.

1:40

>> Bodily signals.

1:41

>> Next thing is birthday. This is a big

1:43

one, okay? So forgot birthday, set

1:45

reminder, reminder is old. This is the

1:48

other interesting thing, right? Like the

1:50

reminder was from a while ago, but they

1:51

still haven't turned it off. They

1:53

forgotten for seven years. Friends are

1:55

important to me, and this makes me feel

1:57

bad. This one is really interesting.

1:59

We're going to dig into this one some.

2:00

So, adopting new hobbies, impulsivity,

2:03

and then they have cobwebs, which is

2:05

lack of follow-through, right? So,

2:06

discipline, also executive function.

2:08

Plant is dead. This I think is also

2:10

impulsivity. This is kind of the same as

2:12

number five. How many ideas do you have?

2:14

Hyper association. And then the last

2:16

thing is this thing where he says, "If

2:19

you had to write a thank you card,

2:20

otherwise humanity would die, what would

2:22

happen?" And he's like, "Everyone would

2:23

die." So, we're going to talk about high

2:25

stakes and how high stakes impedes

2:28

action. There was an interesting paper.

2:31

We're going to talk about all these

2:31

mechanisms, okay? We're going to speed

2:33

run them. There was an interesting paper

2:35

that came out maybe about a year and a

2:37

half to two years ago that did an

2:38

analysis of ADHD short-form content, I

2:43

think specifically on TikTok, and found

2:45

that something like 90% of it was like

2:48

wrong in some way. So, there's a lot of

2:50

bad information about ADHD on the

2:53

internet. I actually think this one is

2:54

pretty good because each of these things

2:56

we can describe, we can characterize and

2:59

describe in a particular way. The first

3:01

problem with this is that when

3:03

oftentimes when we see a piece of

3:05

content like this, we're like, "Oh,

3:06

yeah, this is me. I have ADHD. This is

3:08

me." What I don't like about this is the

3:10

finality of it, right? So, this is our

3:13

experience, and when we hear that a

3:15

million other people have our

3:17

experience, what we don't hear is the

3:19

million people who were able to change

3:21

it, right? So, if you have an ADHD, if

3:23

you have a 60-second clip about all the

3:25

problems that ADHD causes, that will way

3:28

outperform what actually works because

3:31

that requires depth and nuance, right?

3:34

This clip I think has something like

3:35

800,000 views. There's no way that my

3:37

reaction to it will get that, even

3:39

though I too have clips in the 800,000

3:41

million whatever multi-million views.

3:44

And so, that's the challenge. So, let's

3:45

start with time blindness. Clinical

3:48

implications of perception of time and

3:49

attention deficit hyperactivity

3:51

disorder, a review. time perception in

3:53

children with attention deficit

3:55

disorder, why don't you go to bed on

3:56

time, a daily diary study of the

3:58

relationship between chronotype,

3:59

self-control resources, and the

4:01

phenomenon of bedtime procrastination.

4:03

There's a lot of papers about this. So,

4:04

I'm going to give you guys a quick

4:06

overview of this stuff, okay? So, what

4:08

causes time blindness in ADHD and how do

4:11

we fix it? So, the first thing is we

4:13

have an internal biological clock that

4:16

measures how long things take. In people

4:19

with ADHD, that basic capability is

4:22

impaired, which frustrates the

4:24

neurotypical people around us a lot

4:27

because they're like, "I told you what

4:29

time to be here. Why are you always

4:31

late? How long does it take you? It

4:32

takes you 45 minutes to get here. Why

4:34

don't you just leave at 5:15 so you can

4:36

be here by 6:00?" So, the reason this is

4:38

so confusing for them is they will lay

4:40

it out for you so easily, right? And

4:42

that makes sense cognitively. The

4:44

problem is that that theoretical thing

4:47

does not translate to your frontal lobes

4:51

to actually plan action. This is kind of

4:53

like telling someone, "Okay, how do you

4:55

not recognize a tree has branches and

4:58

leaves and flowers? If the flowers are

5:00

red, that means it's a rose. How do you

5:02

not understand that this is a rose

5:03

bush?" And it's because you're blind.

5:05

Like, that's that middle step of, "Oh,

5:08

this makes sense into my head," which

5:10

neurotypical people have no idea that

5:13

there is a process between make sense in

5:16

my head, therefore I do it. That

5:19

fundamental gap has to be translated by

5:22

your brain. And time blindness is a good

5:24

example of this. There's another really

5:26

interesting thing about time blindness,

5:28

which is that, you know how people with

5:29

ADHD don't know how long something

5:32

takes, right? So, it's hard to plan your

5:34

day. Why is it hard to plan your day?

5:36

Well, because I have 15 minutes of I

5:37

have to fill out this application. How

5:39

long will it take? Between 15 minutes

5:41

and 15 hours. That's why it's hard to

5:43

plan because you have no idea how long

5:44

something will take. The other

5:45

interesting reason why it's hard to plan

5:47

for your day is because when you do a

5:49

task, if you have no internal biological

5:52

clock, your brain gets no data about how

5:56

long that takes. Does that kind of make

5:57

sense? When I sit down to do something,

5:59

a neurotypical person is like, I sat

6:01

down around this time. Oh, how long did

6:02

that take? It'll take you about half an

6:03

hour. How long were you in line at the

6:05

DMV? I was in line for about half an

6:07

hour. You have an internal biological

6:09

clock that is measuring things. When it

6:10

measures how long something it takes,

6:12

subconsciously and without your

6:14

knowledge, you can also plan because now

6:16

your brain knows, oh, go to the DMV,

6:18

that is a 30-minute errand. That is

6:20

missing in ADHD. So, a big part of what

6:23

we like teach in Dr. K's Guide to ADHD

6:25

and Doing Stuff, About Doing Stuff, is

6:28

what are the tools that you can use to

6:31

overcome that. So, as a simple example,

6:33

people with ADHD, their sensory input is

6:36

very, very robust. So, if you see

6:38

something, if you hear something, you

6:40

get distracted, you start paying

6:41

attention to it. What you see and what

6:43

you hear sinks in, which is why the

6:45

utilization of like an organized planner

6:47

or something where you measure your time

6:50

in some way. I like measure things. I'm

6:53

working on, I started at this time on

6:55

this day, and I worked for this many

6:57

minutes. And I just happen to have what

6:59

games I chose not to play, which was

7:01

Monster Hunter Stories and Warhammer and

7:03

Unicorn Overlord recently. So, literally

7:05

externally measuring things, writing

7:08

things down, will help your brain.

7:10

Second thing, the questionnaire. Did you

7:12

forget to do the questionnaire? So,

7:13

neurotypical people can remember to do

7:16

things. Now, remembering to do something

7:18

is actually really strange if you think

7:20

about it. This is one of the weirdest

7:21

things in the brain is remembering

7:23

things. I'll give you all an example.

7:24

I'm on my way home from work, and I'm

7:26

about to take the exit off the highway

7:28

to return to my home when I remember I

7:31

need to pick up some milk. So, I'm like,

7:32

oh, I was about to take the exit, I

7:34

don't take the exit, I move one more

7:36

exit down the highway, and then I go

7:37

pick up the milk. I want you all to

7:39

think about how weird that is. I forgot

7:41

something, and then I remembered. Do I

7:43

control the remembering? Absolutely not.

7:46

My brain I forgot. My brain My brain

7:49

remembers, and my brain floats up to the

7:51

surface of my conscious thinking that I

7:53

did I need to do this thing. So, a

7:55

neurotypical person takes this for

7:57

granted. The fact that you can remember

7:59

is bizarre. To remember means that you

8:01

forgot. And if you forgot, you don't

8:03

control whether you remember or not,

8:05

right? That is the experience of

8:06

remembering. Oh, sometimes I remember,

8:09

and sometimes I forget.

8:10

>> Hey all, if you're interested in

8:11

applying some of the principles that we

8:12

share to actually create change in your

8:14

life, check out Dr. K's Guide to Mental

8:16

[music] Health. And so, we start by

8:17

understanding what literally is

8:20

meditation. How does experience shape us

8:22

as human [music] beings? How do we

8:24

strengthen the mind itself as an organ?

8:27

And so, by understanding our mind, we

8:28

understand a very, very simple tool, a

8:31

crucial tool [music]

8:32

that we have to learn how to use if we

8:34

want to build the life that we want to.

8:36

So, check out the link in the bio and

8:38

start your journey today.

8:39

>> So, what we know about people with ADHD

8:41

is that their executive function and

8:43

their inability to remember things makes

8:45

it so that organization becomes really

8:48

important, and particularly sensory

8:51

input becomes really important. I will

8:53

never remember where I put my keys. So,

8:58

I always put them in the same place. I

9:00

know where the keys belong, but I won't

9:04

remember where they are, which brings us

9:07

to another really interesting thing

9:08

about ADHD, which is that a lot of the

9:10

problems with ADHD, the reason we don't

9:12

solve them is because we try to use a

9:14

neurotypical strategy. And a

9:16

neurotypical strategy won't work, right?

9:19

So, if we're blind, we can't navigate

9:21

with sight, we need a stick. But if you

9:24

have a stick, you can manage. So, this

9:25

is where like with ADHD, this is where

9:27

you won't remember where you put it.

9:30

That's why there must be one place where

9:32

it goes. I love this phrase, don't put

9:35

it down, put it away. Put it where it

9:37

belongs. So, what I found working with

9:39

patients, and this is going to be a big

9:40

theme that we're going to focus on, is

9:42

half the problems that you have are way

9:45

easier to solve than you realize if you

9:48

do them in a particular way. Now,

9:50

building up the habit to do them in that

9:51

way is not simple, but it's way easier.

9:54

So, like a big problem with ADHD is

9:55

preventing certain steps of this

9:58

process, which is really where the

10:00

problem lies. So, if I always put things

10:02

where they belong, I will never lose

10:04

them. Right? Which a neurotypical person

10:06

can afford to be lazy, we cannot. And if

10:09

you really think about it, how hard is

10:11

it to, in my case, you know, in our

10:13

house we have a nice little key rack

10:15

thing right by the door, and that's

10:17

where the keys go. And what's

10:18

infuriating to me is, since I lose my

10:20

keys a lot, I always put my keys in the

10:22

same place. My wife does not have ADHD,

10:25

she does not put her keys where they

10:27

belong all the time. However, so then

10:29

what happens is she misplaces her copy

10:31

of the key, and then she takes my copy

10:32

of the key. And then I go to drive the

10:34

car and I can't find my keys. Now she's

10:37

lost two sets of keys because my keys

10:39

are reliably in one spot, and her keys

10:41

are who the hell knows where. So then I

10:43

end up looking for keys anyway. And then

10:45

what I have to do, and by the way, I

10:46

This is really interesting. I'm curious

10:48

about this. If you have ADHD, are you

10:50

better at finding the things that your

10:52

partner misplaces than what you

10:54

misplace? I would bet money that the

10:56

answer to that question is true yes for

10:58

y'all, too. Now I figured out where to

11:00

find the keys that she misplaces because

11:02

there's a pattern or order to them.

11:04

Whereas, when I misplace them, it's

11:05

absolute chaos. Okay? So, this is where

11:08

if you forget to do questionnaires, if

11:10

you forget to do things, you need to

11:12

create a system where you are prompted

11:14

in a sensory way. So, like

11:16

questionnaires or paperwork goes in a

11:18

particular place that you check on a

11:20

daily basis. You don't rely on, "Oh, do

11:23

I need to do something? Do I not?" No,

11:24

you just go there and mechanically you

11:25

look through what you need to do. Right?

11:27

So, a good example of this is when I'm

11:28

using an electronic health record and

11:30

and things like that. When I go to the

11:32

office, the first thing that I do is I

11:33

log into my EHR and I see what what what

11:36

my tasks for the day are. What I do the

11:38

the night before I go to bed is check my

11:40

calendar, when I wake up in the morning,

11:41

I check my calendar. And then it goes

11:43

into the calendar and it goes out of the

11:44

mind. We can talk about bodily signals.

11:46

So, this happens a lot. This is kind of

11:48

with like

11:49

hyperfocus. So, often times with ADHD,

11:52

we get so hyperfocused on something.

11:54

This isn't just ADHD. This is going to

11:56

be neurotypical people with video games,

11:57

for example. When we get really

11:59

hyperfocused on something, we will often

12:01

times suppress our bodily signals. And

12:03

then when we have a break of some kind,

12:05

we realize, "Oh my god, I'm so thirsty."

12:08

And so, often times the right move there

12:10

is to once again structure the way that

12:13

you consume food and the way that you,

12:15

you know, drink water or whatever. So,

12:16

this is where often times what I try to

12:18

do is have lunch ready when I'm done

12:21

streaming. This I have a lot of help

12:23

with. Thankfully, somebody else

12:24

basically takes care of this for me. But

12:26

when I'm done, lunch is usually ready.

12:28

And if it's not ready, then I'm going to

12:29

eat like crap. Right? Cuz I'm so hungry.

12:31

And the really strange thing about being

12:34

really hungry, which is true people with

12:36

ADHD, I think it's maybe more intense,

12:38

but true of regular people as well,

12:39

neurotypical people as well. When you

12:41

are really hungry, you want unhealthy

12:43

food way more than you want healthy

12:45

food. But healthy food will satisfy you

12:49

way more than it will if you're not

12:51

starving. The food that you want, you

12:53

want a hamburger so much, but you will

12:56

be way more satisfied with a salad when

12:59

you are starving. And when you are not

13:01

starving, a salad will satisfy you less.

13:04

A burger will be more enjoyable because

13:06

it's fatty and it's delicious and it's

13:08

got protein in there and it's got that

13:09

umami and we're going to put that

13:11

pickles and mayo and mustard or

13:12

whatever. So, this is what's also really

13:14

hard is often times when we're really

13:16

hungry, right? Like we want to eat that

13:18

really unhealthy thing, but you'll

13:19

notice something interesting. If you

13:20

want a cookie when you're starving and

13:22

you eat a piece of fruit, you will love

13:24

the fruit way more as well. So, usually

13:26

when I work with people with ADHD or who

13:28

are just trying to eat healthy, we try

13:30

to lean into this principle. Next thing,

13:32

this is one that I want to spend a

13:33

little bit of time with, the birthday

13:35

card, okay? This is a reminder to do a

13:37

birthday card for my friend, okay? We

13:39

talked about executive function, we

13:40

talked about forgetting things, we've

13:42

talked about sensory input. The biggest

13:43

challenges in ADHD, in my opinion, are

13:46

not the first level challenges, they're

13:48

the challenges that we layer on top,

13:51

okay? So, so this is how this goes. I

13:53

forgot my birthday card. That is a

13:54

problem in of itself, that could be

13:56

fixed. Then our mind does something kind

13:58

of interesting. I've forgotten 7 years

14:00

in a row. So interesting that it

14:02

remembers that. Have you guys ever

14:03

noticed that? That my mind is really

14:05

good. Oh, yeah, I may have forgotten

14:07

where my keys are, but it's really good

14:09

at keeping track of how many years I've

14:11

forgotten this kind of thing. So, not

14:13

only do I forget my friend's birthday

14:15

card, now my mind is keeping track of it

14:17

and it is making me feel worse because I

14:20

am I have a very good resolution into

14:24

how bad I'm doing. And then it does

14:26

something even more interesting, which

14:28

is it says, "Oh, do you care about your

14:30

friends?" Yes, I value my friendship so

14:34

much. And then it does something kind of

14:36

interesting. I value my friendships a

14:38

lot and I failed. And since I value my

14:41

friendships a lot, I feel so much worse

14:44

about myself. You guys see how that

14:46

works? And it happens so quickly. Forgot

14:48

a birthday card, forgot a birthday card

14:49

for 7 years, but I care about my friends

14:51

and they got me one. And so you kind of

14:53

like beat yourself up very, very

14:55

quickly. So, this is where there's also

14:58

emotional reactivity in ADHD. There's an

15:01

emotional dysregulation subtype, which

15:03

some people are advocating to be its own

15:05

classification. So, there's attention

15:07

deficit disorder, there's attention

15:08

deficit hyperactivity disorder, right?

15:10

Those are two subtypes. Inattention

15:12

predominant, hyperactivity predominant,

15:14

or a mix of the two, the combo meal. And

15:16

then they're like, "Okay, let's do

15:18

emotional dysregulation subtype." If you

15:20

really look at what this is, this is

15:22

dysregulation of your emotions. And

15:24

here's how this works. Every day when

15:26

you get the reminder, you are reminded

15:28

that you forgot the birthday card. That

15:30

reminder that you forgot the birthday

15:32

card activates the emotional circuits

15:34

that give you guilt. And once my guilt

15:37

emotional circuitry gets hyperactivated,

15:40

right? Let's think about what's

15:40

precisely happening here. I hear a

15:42

reminder,

15:44

guilt pops to 100. Literally, the action

15:46

is an alarm went off on my phone.

15:48

Response is guilt goes to 100. We're not

15:50

even aware that it's guilt. Then what

15:51

happens is when the guilt circuitry

15:53

activates, it manifests as thoughts.

15:56

It's been 7 years. You care about your

15:59

friends. Look at you caring about your

16:01

friends. How pathetic. You care about

16:03

your friends and you've forgotten 7

16:05

years in a row. It's like bludgeoning

16:07

you with these thoughts. And then there

16:09

is an identification with it. I am a bad

16:13

friend. So, I love to cite this this

16:15

paper. Really interesting. If you look

16:17

at the comorbidity between people with

16:19

ADHD and depression, 3% of people who

16:22

are diagnosed with depression will grow

16:24

up to have ADHD. 70% of people with ADHD

16:27

will grow up to have depression. A

16:29

Treating ADHD is not just about time

16:32

blindness, suppression of bodily

16:33

sensations, executive function deficit,

16:36

emotional dysregulation. It is also

16:39

about the consequences

16:41

of living with those things. I'm an

16:44

idiot. I'm unreliable. I'm this. I'm

16:46

that. Right? We have the first layer of

16:49

primary symptoms. And then we layer on

16:51

top of that things that are harder to

16:53

beat. And here's the tricky thing. If I

16:55

start someone on stimulant medication,

16:57

it only works on layer one. Doesn't

16:59

really work on layer two. Works on layer

17:01

two maybe a little bit because it

17:02

regulates the amount of guilt that I

17:03

feel. Reduces the activity of my my

17:06

guilt circuit in the brain. But it

17:07

doesn't change my sense of identity,

17:09

which is why I really love, and this is

17:10

what really confuses people,

17:12

psychotherapy is equally effective to

17:14

medication. Works the same. Effect size

17:16

is the same. And when I when I work with

17:18

patients with ADHD, I like to do

17:20

psychotherapy with them as well because

17:21

we have to do this identity component.

17:23

You're not a bad friend. You're not a

17:24

bad person. You have this problem. We're

17:26

going to actually jump to this, high

17:29

stakes. There's one thing that is very,

17:31

very, very annoying about ADHD. Can

17:34

happen in neurotypical typical people,

17:36

too. So, if you look at motivation and

17:39

action, as something called salience

17:42

increases, salience is importance. As

17:44

the importance of an action increases,

17:47

your motivation increases with it,

17:49

right? So, oh, it's not like, do I need

17:50

to pick up milk? Uh, not that big of a

17:52

deal. Oh my god, I've got a hot date

17:55

tonight. I really got to pick up that

17:56

bottle of wine on my way home. As

17:58

something becomes more important to you,

18:01

your motivation towards that thing will

18:03

increase. It's why it's hard to get

18:04

patients to take blood pressure

18:05

medicine. Cuz if you take blood pressure

18:07

medicine, you don't really feel a

18:08

difference. You feel the side effects,

18:09

but you don't feel the difference. It

18:11

doesn't feel important. So, we really

18:12

have to help people understand how

18:13

important it is. Cuz high blood pressure

18:15

usually doesn't have any symptoms unless

18:17

it's catastrophically high. You can run

18:18

it like 160 doing damage to your body

18:20

for 20 years and not feel a thing. But

18:22

I've noticed in my patients with ADHD

18:24

that high stakes is paralyzing, not

18:28

motivating. For most people, as the

18:29

stakes increase, our motivation

18:32

increases. ADHD, it seems to have the

18:34

opposite effect. And even in

18:35

neurotypical people, there comes a point

18:37

where if the stakes elevate to a certain

18:39

point, we become overwhelmed and we

18:41

become paralyzed. Now, one of the

18:43

mechanisms for this is when we have a

18:45

sympathetic nervous system response, so

18:47

when our body gets turned on, I don't

18:50

mean like sexually, well, sexually, too,

18:52

but so, when our body is facing stress,

18:55

tiger in the jungle, I'm taking my final

18:57

exam, my body's like, we need to be

18:59

active. So, adrenaline increases,

19:01

cortisol increases. And when our

19:03

sympathetic nervous system activates,

19:05

uh, fight or flight is what we think

19:07

about with the sympathetic nervous

19:08

system. There's a third element, which

19:09

is freeze. Fight, flight, or freeze. So,

19:12

what we know is that, you know, when a

19:13

when an animal is being hunted, it'll

19:16

run away, it'll fight, or it'll play

19:18

dead. And so, there's a a point where

19:20

even like with trauma, right? Like

19:22

there's a moment where we try to run,

19:24

but then we freeze. When I work with

19:26

patients who have been sexually

19:27

assaulted, they will sometimes resist,

19:29

they'll sometimes fight back, but

19:31

sometimes what they'll do is dissociate

19:32

and lock down and freeze. And that lock

19:34

down is triggered by a high level of

19:37

sympathetic activity. We feel

19:38

overwhelmed, stuck, frozen. This seems

19:41

to happen more often in patients with

19:43

ADHD. And the reason for that is,

19:45

remember there's a emotional

19:46

dysregulation subtype, right? So,

19:48

emotions skyrocket, and when emotions

19:51

are very, very, very high, that is what

19:53

can trigger the freeze response. I'm

19:55

going to throw down with you when I'm

19:57

not mildly angry, when I'm absolutely

20:00

pissed. Oh my god, I'm so angry. Er.

20:02

I'm not going to dead ass run away if

20:04

I'm like a little bit anxious. The more

20:06

fearful I am, I'm terrified, I'm just

20:09

going to run. I'm going to stop

20:10

thinking, I'm going to run. And when I

20:11

feel overwhelmed, I'm going to lock

20:12

down. This is what makes it so hard for

20:15

my patients is because the more

20:16

important things are, the harder it is

20:20

for them to actually act. So, when they

20:22

want to act the most, it becomes the

20:24

hardest to act, right? So, this is it's

20:26

it's such a beautiful example because

20:27

he's like, "Can you write a thank you

20:29

card if it's not that big of a deal?"

20:31

Yes. If the fate of humanity depends on

20:33

it, that pressure activates us

20:35

emotionally. I don't know if it

20:36

activates really that dissociation

20:38

mechanism, that's a different mechanism

20:39

in the brain, but it really causes us to

20:41

shut down, for sure. To feel locked

20:44

down, to feel paralyzed. I'd say lock

20:46

down is a better subjective description

20:48

from the patients that I've worked with,

20:50

right? They feel like they're stuck,

20:51

they're paralyzed. They're like they

20:52

can't do it, okay? And so, then what

20:54

happens is this aspect of high stakes,

20:57

how important are friendships to you?

20:59

The more important they are, the more

21:01

that stakes increase, the more that you

21:03

lock down, which then makes you feel

21:05

even worse and leads to low self-esteem,

21:07

leads to low things like depression,

21:09

okay? So, this is what's really scary

21:11

about it. Now, this is where there's an

21:13

element of work that oftentimes people

21:15

with ADHD miss, which is like, how do I

21:18

deal with this? Actually, the way to

21:19

deal with this is to deal with the

21:21

association, right? There's a chain,

21:23

forgot card, forgot 7 years,

21:26

relationships are important, I am bad.

21:30

And so, people will come in and they

21:31

say, "How do I have self-esteem, Dr. K?"

21:34

And they try to work on this problem,

21:36

confidence, in isolation. Whereas,

21:38

actually what we need to do is this is

21:40

caused by this, this is caused by this,

21:42

and this is caused by this. If we can

21:43

break the chain, this melts on its own.

21:46

So, notice the associations, notice the

21:49

way that your mind jumps from one thing

21:51

to another thing to another thing. And

21:52

you will say, "But, Dr. K, all of those

21:54

things are true." I'm not saying they're

21:55

not true. What I'm saying is that as you

21:57

lose attentional control of your mind,

22:01

this is why mindfulness and meditation

22:03

helps so much in ADHD. Because I want

22:05

y'all to think about what is really

22:07

happening in this scenario. The event is

22:10

an alarm goes off, and the result is I

22:13

am bad. I'm not disputing the logic of

22:15

any of these. What I'm encouraging y'all

22:17

to notice is just see how when an alarm

22:20

goes off, I feel like crap. Like, what?

22:23

It's this daisy chain, this is where we

22:24

have to stop the attentional We have to

22:26

shift our attention away from this

22:28

process, restrain the mind. And then

22:30

when we restrain the mind, direct the

22:32

mind, make a card. Then, get excited

22:35

about it, make six more. Then, mail one

22:39

overnight. Just go to the post office.

22:41

But instead, we do this. We do this

22:43

every day when the alarm goes off,

22:44

instead of actually fixing the problem.

22:46

And this is like, this is what's so cool

22:48

about working with situations like this.

22:50

All of these things can get better. Now,

22:52

this too is something that I think is

22:53

really important. Let's talk about

22:54

number five, new hobbies. I love this

22:57

example, pottery or pizza. Pottery so I

22:59

can make a plate for my homemade pizza.

23:01

So good. So, new hobbies. We're

23:03

impulsive. There's a lot of excitement.

23:06

Oh, I want to do this. I want to do

23:07

this. It would be so cool if we did

23:08

this. So cool if we did this. But, then

23:09

we have a problem with follow-through.

23:11

So, one of the biggest things that I I

23:12

try to help people do is what people

23:15

will come to me and they'll say, "How do

23:16

I follow through? How do I follow

23:17

through? How do I follow through? How do

23:19

I develop discipline?" That's not what

23:21

you need to do. The circuit in your

23:23

brain that acts impulsively turns on and

23:26

then turns off. When it's on, you're

23:28

motivated. When it's off, you're

23:30

demotivated. So, order pizza oven

23:32

cobwebs for 3 years. Really good, right?

23:34

That's the scenario. So, actually what

23:36

we need to control is not the discipline

23:39

to follow through. What we need to

23:41

control is starting in the first place.

23:43

If we start to separate action from

23:46

impulsivity. If we act impulsively and

23:49

impulsiveness is what gets us to act.

23:52

And then when the impulsiveness goes

23:53

away, we won't follow through. The

23:54

secret to follow through is not aha.

23:57

Aha. The secret to follow through is to

23:59

not start.

24:03

You cannot quit or abandon if you never

24:06

start.

24:07

>> [laughter]

24:08

>> Look at the wisdom. But, literally. So,

24:10

here's the cool thing, okay? This is

24:12

going to be some weird neuroscience, but

24:14

I'm like it's it's legit, y'all. Action

24:17

is motivated by all kinds of things.

24:19

Nucleus accumbens. This is dopamine,

24:21

emotions, impulsivity, okay? So, like

24:24

all of these things can result in

24:25

action. So, when I restrain my

24:29

impulsivity, this is my frontal lobe

24:31

blocking this and preventing that

24:34

action. This is also the same part of my

24:37

brain that gives me discipline. That

24:39

gives me follow-through. The ability to

24:40

plan and execute tasks over a long

24:44

period of time is done by the frontal

24:46

lobes, okay? So, literally the same part

24:48

of your brain that does follow-through

24:50

is the same part of your brain that does

24:53

not behave impulsively. That restrains

24:55

your impulses. It's the same part of the

24:56

brain. It is to act deliberately. Does

24:58

that make sense? Act deliberately means

25:01

act with follow-through. Deliberate, one

25:03

after the other. It's the same circuit.

25:04

Stopping the impulse is the

25:07

follow-through, literally. Same circuit

25:09

in the brain, same function. And the way

25:10

that that works, another way to kind of

25:12

understand is what I said earlier, which

25:14

is to disassociate impulsivity from

25:17

action. To be able to train yourself to

25:20

act out of things that are not

25:22

impulsive. But as long as you are acting

25:24

out of impulsivity, that circuit will

25:26

not grow, right? We are stopping one

25:28

circuit, we are pruning some neurons,

25:31

and we're strengthening other synaptic

25:33

connections. So this one is huge, right?

25:35

And while I'm learning lots of things, I

25:38

also have this scheduled on my calendar,

25:41

right? So like I'm using organization to

25:43

be able to do it all. Where you guys saw

25:45

saw my excel excel spreadsheet with the

25:47

various words that I wrote, the times

25:49

that I wrote them. So I'm not just

25:50

buying books on fiction, I'm actually

25:52

writing. And I have a scheduled time

25:54

that I go to an art class for 2 hours a

25:56

week. And so if you schedule it, you'll

25:58

do it. If you get prompted by it, you'll

26:00

do it. If you have to show up, you will

26:01

show up, right? You may show up late,

26:03

unless you set a a timer and you know

26:05

where your keys are. Do you all see what

26:06

what I'm saying? Keys are in one place.

26:08

I have my bag ready to go. I put

26:10

everything in in in its place, and then

26:12

I'm out the door on time. And I'm

26:13

checking my calendar obsessively four

26:15

times a day, okay? The impulsivity is

26:18

also the the the ideas. How many ideas

26:21

do you have? One to 300,000 a day. How

26:23

many of them do you do? None. This is

26:25

also impulsivity. Why do you do none of

26:27

them? Because you're impulsive. If you

26:29

are relying on your impulse, you'll

26:31

start on a dozen and you'll finish none.

26:33

If you disassociate impulsivity from

26:36

action, if you start to act without

26:38

impulse impulsiveness, and you restrain

26:41

yourself from acting when you get

26:43

excited. And I mean literally restrain

26:44

yourself, like sit and like I'm not

26:46

going to order this book on Amazon. I

26:48

feel like ordering it, I'm not going to

26:50

do it. And then another impulse will

26:52

will come up. You check your calendar,

26:53

you look at what you need to do next.

26:55

It's amazing. A ADHD when I work with

26:58

people, it feels like a set of dominoes.

27:00

But the first one is like Stonehenge.

27:03

But once one thing gets better, what's

27:05

really scary about is scary about it is

27:06

all of these deficits cascade. A

27:09

snowball becomes an avalanche. And now

27:12

suddenly I am a fundamentally bad person

27:16

because each of these statements is

27:18

logically true. But it is the process

27:20

that my brain literally what happened

27:22

today? My alarm went off. And then I

27:24

feel like crap for the rest of the day.

27:26

It can get better.

27:39

>> [music]

27:52

[music]

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