I think that for the world to be

radically transformed, it is sufficient

for the AIs [music] to be really good at

R&D, right? So, I think that like if the

AIs were really, really good at like

chip R&D, building [music] fabs,

orchestrating factories, designing

robots, operating robots, and also at

like AI R&D, developing AIs for new

downstream domains with whatever data is

available. I think that would already be

a pretty crazy situation. And then from

there, you can get what you might call

like an industrial explosion where AIs

are building out way, way more compute.

And then also, maybe you're already in a

regime where AIs are doing huge amounts

of R&D that humans have a hard [music]

time understanding.