the path to becoming an astronaut is not

clear the path was not clear for me

either Dave fredberg this is Woody

hoberg calling you from the

International Space Station how do you

hear me hey Woody I hear you will how

are you 22 years of experience living

and working in space we have learned so

much and so what that sets us up to do

now is to go further space is hard it

just is hard it's not a forgiving place

we intend to set up a sustained human

presence on the moon and we're going to

set up a Proving Ground to go to

Mars thank you so much it is such an

honor to be here I'm going to start with

a a bit of History the leftand photo

is one of the last moments in recorded

human history when all living humans

were on Earth this was October 31st of

the year 2000 at bikon or cosmodrome in

Kazakhstan and the crew of expedition

one launched up to the International

Space Station it was just three modules

at that time and they started a

continuous human presence in space that

continues today by 2011 the ISS was

assembled and looked roughly like this

humans live in the pressurized modules

running front to back in this photo and

the truss running left to right is

unpressurized so only accessible by

Space Walk ISS is solar powered on a on

an average workday it consumes about 75

kilowatts it is a million pounds of mass

in low earth orbit it's about 250 miles

above Earth to stay in that orbit it has

to travel 5 miles every second so that

works out to a 90minut orbit we see 16

Sun and 16 sunsets every

day now in in 2011 when the space

shuttle retired it left us our only

option to continue sending humans up to

the space station was a Russian so

rocket that situation changed in May of

2020 SpaceX made history they launched

NASA astronauts Bob bin and Doug Hurley

on a test flight of the crew Dragon

spacecraft and at that time the world

was just two months in grappling with

the co

pandemic and Allin had just published

episode

three Bob and Doug spent two months on

the space station before they

successfully returned and I didn't know

it at the time but I would eventually

fly on crew Dragon Endeavor which is the

same capsule as Bob and

Doug less than a year later I was

assigned to be the pilot for the crew 6

Mission up to the ISS and so my crew

from left to right on the left Russian

cosmonaut Andre fidth Commander Steve

Bowen myself flying as pilot and then uh

Sultan aladi was the first UAE astronaut

to do a long duration Mission six months

on the

ISS we actually scrubbed our very first

launch attempt we got within 2 and a

half minutes of launch and we had an

issue with the system that ignites our

engines and so um we had to scrub we got

all the fuel off the vehicle and 3 days

lat later we were ready to try

again ready for an on time launch for

the instant 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 engine

full power and lift off you're on your

back you lift off at about one and a

half

[Applause]

G's station pitching down R 1.7 Million

by the time all the fuel burns out

you're up about 4 and2 Gs and then we

stage this is the second stage engine

and again it starts off with only a

little bit of acceleration it builds up

to about 4 and 1/2 GS there you can see

on your screen confirmation Dragon

separation confirmed and so 12 minutes

after launch you're in space this is

where we experienced weightlessness for

the first time and we took about a day

like 24 hours to to do all the phasing

up to the ISS for me the ISS had been

this place that I trained about it's

kind of an abstract object off in space

and actually arriving and seeing it in

our thermal camera I still remember it

sent chills down my

spine it's pretty fun the first few days

getting used to

weightlessness Steve uh was our resident

Chef he was famous for baking pies in

space and we had a great Handover with

crew five who kind of taught us all the

the little tricks to living and working

in space and we got right to work um

full complement of science experiments

this this uh is the Japanese module you

see the primary glove box mount sideways

and that's American astronaut Frank

Rubio working in the glove box he

currently has the American record for uh

duration of a single space

flight now it turns out weightlessness

causes heart tissue to age much faster

than on Earth so we're using that as a

model to study treatments for heart

disease so see that top one beating

looks like happy heart cells so I still

remember the day that Sultan looked

through the microscope and saw these

Beating Heart cells just mindblowing we

printed a section of human miniscus

using a biofabrication

facility and in addition to all the

science we have to do all of the

maintenance and repairs on board so this

is some of the less glamorous stuff this

is fixing our

toilet we have to do regular maintenance

on the space suits to keep them ready

for

action uh try to find me in this photo

this is repairing one of our CO2

scrubbing machines you see my legs

poking

out and this is how we get rid of trash

we load up cargo vehicles and send them

home to a destructive re-entry through

Earth's atmosphere there's a regular

Cadence of these cargo vehicles coming

to and from ISS all the time Frank and I

here are capturing uh the ng19 mission

with our Canadian robotic arm and

birthing it to the bottom of node

one and the team on the ground is always

uh sending us with every new cargo

vehicle fresh fresh food and it's always

a special

treat we also have to take care of

ourselves this is Sultan on our

treadmill it's mounted on the wall you

run facing the floor we do like two and

a half hours of exercise every day half

cardio and half this resistance exercise

so lots of time to listen to music and

podcasts I did get to talk to fredberg

for uh we had a great conversation

actually um from low earth orbit I love

chess so I got a chess board sent up and

we actually played ISS crew versus

Mission Control we played a few games

back and forth did like one or two moves

every day and and we always picked out a

flight controller from a specific

console to make our moves on the board

in Mission

Control now one of my favorite parts of

training uh preparing was spacewalk

training it's really tactile learning to

use a pressurized space suit so we have

the neutral boyancy lab in Houston

amazing team of divers supporting us to

practice all of our procedures and I was

thrilled when I found out that I would

get to do two spacewalks to in install a

couple new ISS rollout solar arrays

they're the vertical uh rolls you see in

this

photo we were getting ready for the

spacewalks and two weeks prior we were

flying over the Pacific Ocean and got

some photos of this storm which

unfortunately damaged one of the ground

sites in Guam that supports the

satellites that we used to talk to

Mission Control so this meant that

during my space walks we would not have

the ability to talk to Mission Control

for some large G uh chunks of

time everyone rallied uh Frank and

Sultan set up this kind of Command Post

in the US lab on the space station so in

addition to operating the robotic arm

they would hand off back and forth with

mission control for those com gaps and

Frank and Sultan would walk us through

all of our

procedures my friend Brian who will be

speaking shortly actually told me that

my mission would be an utter failure if

I didn't get at least one space selfie

so I got this as soon as I

could uh Franken Sultan flew me over to

the arrays and Steve and I unbolted them

and then this is the commute out to the

work

site the array unit it's 800 lb of mass

so it's weightless but you still feel

the inertia of that 800 PBS in your

hands so mainly I was happy I did not

drop

it um after we finished the installation

Steve got this shot there's two dragon

spacecraft in this photo on the right

side of node 2 is crew6 Dragon Endeavor

what I flew up in and then up on the top

is CRS 28 that's a cargo vehicle that

flew the arrays up and down in the end

of the robotic arm you can see the foot

restraint that was holding me while I

was holding the

arrays so it was an amazing mission

after 185 days it was time for crew 6 to

come home the dragon hatch itself is

closed that coming at 4:19 a.m. Central

Time you see the thrusters firing as we

back away and get another nice view of

is on the big loop the part burn one is

complete and

nominal Sultan got this view past his

feet of the plasma as we re-entered our

atmosphere we're basically inside a

meteor so pyro Hive fired and we have

good confirmation of drug shoots Two

drugs and releas the drug slow us down

to about 140 mph sets us up to deploy

Mains safely and you can you can see

here the hot spacecraft and cold

parachutes in the thermal cam we landed

in some of the highest Seas to date um

for crew Dragon an amazing recovery team

comes out rig the vehicle and they Lift

Us onto the recovery ship with us still

inside so you see our smiling faces here

it was like the thrill of a lifetime to

get to spend six months living and

working in space but there's also just

nothing like returning home to the

people you

love thank you I want to spend just a

moment uh beyond my mission and talk

about where we're headed next NASA is

headed back to the moon and to really

put this in context I I just have to

show you so I've asked fredberg for some

help and he's kindly

agreed come on

out for you okay go on this side all the

way down or stay with me for a second

okay so it's a it's a convenient Quirk

of the scale of the objects in our solar

system that if you make the earth a

basketball this is the earth then the

Moon is a tennis

ball and I invite you if you don't know

this answer to think about how far the

Moon is from Earth in this

scale if you already know that's fine

but take a guess should I say the answer

do uh 180,000 miles 225,000 miles

225,000 miles all right when I'm going

to do very well on Jeopardy here we go

when should he stop now keep going keep

going

keep

going okay slow

down

there so in this scale it's 24 feet you

can do the math so we we will stay here

let's lose the tape

measure and stay there

freedberg I would not make a good

aftera I was telling Woody I'm like I

can't imagine like you walk out in space

and it's like there's just space that

like I'm not

sorry go ahead don't drop the moon

either I'm

sorry I just want to tell you a couple

things here this is the earth I told you

this the ISS where I was was I spent six

months half an inch off the basketball

wow that's where low earth orbit is wow

and you guys probably saw Polaris Dawn

launched this morning maybe a quick

Round of Applause for SpaceX

[Music]

so they're going way higher than the is

ISS way higher they're going an inch off

the

basketball with aremis so we already

launched Artemis in 2022 it flew

uncrewed out around the moon and the

Artemis 2 crew is already in training to

fly Orion around the moon and come home

and then emis 3 is going to be the

landing on the surface of the Moon and

we're going to set up shop we're going

to make a Proving Ground to get to Mars

and so while we have this scale Mars

let's let's see if you could imagine 3/4

of a mile away in this scale 3/4 of a

mile that's

Mars and we're doing all this work on

the moon to eventually get to Mars and

then I know you guys are Forward

Thinking so I just want you to imagine

Beyond even Mars 34 miles 34 miles away

is Uranus

[Applause]

[Music]

I I heard Cham

laugh he love

that amazing all right I think we're

going to talk for a minute yeah that was

great Woody thank you let's chat grab a

seat right

here grab a SE right here what should we

do with the

Earth good question um so couple quick

questions what's the timeline emis 2

Artemis 3 yeah and um yeah just tell us

a little bit about the timelines it's

super setting we already launched emis 1

emus 2 crew is in training right now

they're scheduled to fly in the fall of

2025 so in a year um they're going to

test out the Orion spacecraft that

flight's going to be a big deal they're

actually going to go further from Earth

than humans have ever been because they

go a little farther from the Moon than

Apollo did wow and then uh the plan

right now is for that first crude

Landing in 2026 with Artemis 3 2026 yep

are you in the running to be yeah every

astronaut in the office is in the

running to be assigned to an emis

mission is it like movie Right Stuff

where you guys are all super competitive

with each other on like or how tell us

about the Cooperative or the competitive

nature of being an astronaut in the NASA

program it's actually one of the most

fun things so it's definitely kind of a

wait in line till you're told that

you're assigned to a mission I still

remember when I got the phone call

assigning me to crew 6 to to do my first

mission it's just one of those phone

calls you'll never forget you know um

it's it's actually not we all support

one another and there's honestly nothing

cooler than watching your friends fly to

space yeah so and we all know we're

eventually going to have that chance and

so it's less like directly competitive

than you might imagine so does the moon

base kind of feel like an ISS is it like

we're going to set up a facility at some

point and is there that sort of

long-term planning going on absolutely

and I think yeah there's a strategic

plan looking way out into that Artemis

campaign we talked about it being a

sustained presence you know right now um

I mean I think we'd all love to

eventually have a permanent presence

meaning that humans are always on the

moon yeah at first it's not going to be

that we're going to send missions uh but

unlike Apollo we are really going to

stay we intend to stay there for a long

time and we're actually in unlike Apollo

instead of going to the equator we're

going to go initially to the South Pole

which is scientifically really

interesting and the intent is to do all

the cool things Rovers moon bases like

nuclear power on the moon we want to do

it all why did it take humans half a

century to come back and do this again I

think um did we really go to the Moon by

the way we absolutely went to the moon

just for the The Joe Rogan crowd I just

want to make sure we're

like I think I I think it's you know

political will right yeah we have to

decide that it's what we want to do and

I think that's one of the coolest things

about this time I mean who's heard of

Artemis

program yeah few people good good many

um we could probably do a better job

advertising but you know what like the

cool thing about Artemis is we we truly

have bipartisan support that's NASA's um

like issue over many years is can you

sustain as administrations change

because it takes a long time to do this

stuff and right now we feel like we have

real bipartisan support to go do this

the people want us to go do this and

sorry and so once you're on the moon

there's a lot of constant resupply

needed in the current model so that's

part of the logistics is like how do we

continually resupply yeah and I think as

the missions get more complex it stship

involved in 100% so right now um we

actually have two providers so SpaceX is

Big Starship yeah maybe you can just

talk about why it's so important yeah so

um the we already talked about the Orion

spacecraft which is what the astronuts

are going to fly from Earth to the to a

lunar orbit in but the human Landing

system which is going to take them down

to the surface we have two providers for

that and one of those and actually the

one we plan to use for that first

landing is the SpaceX Starship they' uh

SpaceX plans to do an uncr demo before

we send our astronauts down and we're

super looking forward to it so is emis

um a close partnership with SpaceX that

NASA relies on and SpaceX is a critical

um partner to that program to that

mission yeah we're using them for our

for our Landing then SpaceX talks and

Elon talked a lot yesterday about trying

to get Starship uncrewed over to Mars in

two years and is I don't want you to

necessarily aine in a negative way but

like how realistic is it that there's

going to be a crude Starship to Mars in

four years as he claimed and is that a

NASA partnership or is that we are

cheering on every Starship flight I mean

I've watched every single one it's we

love the development so if we can get to

Mars in years um that's great what NASA

is specifically Contracting SpaceX on is

to go to the Moon we believe the Moon is

the right place to go set up a sustained

presence and really practice um set up a

Proving Ground to eventually go to Mars

and does all the development on Starship

is in the direction of goodness it's

yeah and is it um does NASA have a

development program on getting to Mars

and timelines do they have talk about

that at all and is there is there an

actual Mission yet we actually

reorganized within NASA and we have an

entire directorate called the Moon to

Mars directorate and so um it's

absolutely we see the moon as our path

to Mars and that is absolutely the

strategy yeah um so uh maybe you could

just tell us coming a little bit closer

to Earth uh the Polaris Mission it's 5

days long they just launched this

morning Elon was here and then he he

actually flew in came to the summit got

back on his plane went back to Florida

and they got off yeah so maybe you could

tell us a little bit about the mission

and what these folks are going to be

doing we didn't get to talk about it

with Elon yesterday it's amazing and you

know Jared Scott Sarah and um Jared

Jared isman yeah Jared isman is the the

commander I mean and he paid for the

whole M yeah yeah he paid for the the

whole mission I mean these guys are

friends actually you know friends and

family so we're rooting them on if you

if you've been to Florida and see

there's a different emotion when you see

a crude launch than an uncrewed launch

like uncrewed launch big rocket go up

cool um when you see when you have

friends and family on board one of these

Rockets it it's a different experience

to watch the launch so um we're rooting

them on they're in space right now

experiencing and they're going to do a

space walk they're going to do a space

walk in a couple days that's right um

it'll be the first commercial space walk

so NASA's been doing space walks for a

long time but they are making history

they're going to depressurize the

vehicle to vacuum so they don't have an

air loock or anything they're going to

take the vehicle all the way to vacuum

they're all in a suit they're all going

to be in suits they have to be they'll

open the hatch and um I think it's Jared

and Sarah that are going to go out and

do that first uh I believe uh do that

first space walk so they're going to go

out and be like holy I'm in

space yeah I I'll say I don't know that

I'm

not not super up to date on the details

of I'm sure they have objectives for the

spacewalk it's always how it is you

while you're out there there's things

you want to do imagine at the ISS you

walk out it's a large structure there

there's there's some grounding context

to it but yeah these guys are just

outside of the the capsule yeah and I

think another interesting you know I had

the benefit on ISS I had been floating

for months actually before I did my

space walk so I was used to the idea

that you're now in this world where

everything floats and so going outside I

mean you look down and it's a 250 mile

drop to the surface of Earth but it

didn't feel scary or anything because I

knew I was just going to stay floating

next to space station where everything's

falling um their experience they've only

had a couple days to orient to this um

so it'll be um pretty cool yeah

well I mean cool for

some it takes a different kind of person

I don't know um really incredible guys

please join me in thanking Woody for

being here at the all Summit