The second distinguishing characteristic

between maritime and continental powers.

The first one was the ability or

inability to defend at sea. Here's the

second one.

>> [music]

>> Continental powers face contiguous

threats. So, they have to focus on

national security, and often they want

to insulate themselves from neighbors,

and they want exclusive zones to do

this, and they often want those

exclusive zones [music] to extend out

into their the seas around them.

Maritime powers think this is crazy land

because they've got the relative

security of the moat, no one's going to

invade them. So, they're going to focus

on national prosperity,

>> [music]

>> and trade is the the path to prosperity

and to security because you have this is

the money that's going to pay for

everything. So, they want maritime

access to markets, and they want it to

go all the way up from port to port cuz

you can't trade unless you go port to

port. So, from these distinguishing

[music] characteristics, you get two

mutually exclusive world orders out of

this. One of them is we're going to

divide the world up into [music] very

large spheres of influence, but the

other one is, "No, no, no, no, no, we're

going to operate under universal rules,

and uh the seas are going to be open to

everyone."