Most power plants today operate by

[music] burning chemical energy. That is

not very efficient. That gets, you know,

you have to pay a factor of 10 to the

minus 10 cuz chemical bonds are super

weak. You can level up from there by

going [music] to They're going to

nuclear energy. And so, you can go up

from about 10 to the minus 10 to about

10 to the minus [music] three for for

fission or 10 to the minus two for

fusion. But, that's about as good as you

can go even with fission and and fusion

because even though you can extract

energy from the strong nuclear [music]

force, fission and fusion, neither of

them change the total number of protons

plus neutrons in your process. [music]

99% of the energy is stored not in the

electromagnetic interaction, but in the

rest [music] mass energy of the protons

and neutrons, something that neither

chemical reactions nor nuclear reactions

can touch. But, gravity can [music]

touch them. If I start off with a mass

object of M, I can extract essentially

100% of [music] the rest mass energy

that I've gone in. It is the most

efficient possible power plant. And

that's actually pretty neat and why

people talk about using black holes as

[music] as power plants.